Tibetan mineral-herbal medicine alleviates the depressive-like behaviors in chronic restraint-stressed mice while regulating stress hormone, inflammation and monoamine.

is an ancient mineral-herbal mixture containing β-HgS in Tibetan medicine. It is used to treat nervous system diseases, similar to Chinese medicine cinnabar and Indian Ayurveda medicine . However, one of the key problems faced by is that its indications are ambiguous.

Arsenic Content, Speciation, and Distribution in Wild .

The excessive arsenic content in wild has caused great concerns on human health. The toxicity of arsenic depends on its concentration, chemical form, and valence. The source studies of arsenic in are essential for safety evolution and quality control.

Effects of β-HgS on cell viability and intracellular oxidative stress in PC-12 cells.

Traditional Tibetan medicines containing β-HgS have been used to treat chronic ailments for thousands of years. However, there has recently been speculation regarding the safety of these medicines due to their high mercury content. Although the toxic effect of β-HgS has been previously investigated in vivo, the mechanism underlying the toxicity of this compound remains unclear.

Neurotoxicity of β-HgS differs from environmental mercury pollutants (MeHgCl and HgCl) in Neuro-2a cell.

β-HgS, differing from environmental mercury pollutants (MeHgCl and HgCl) in chemical form, is used as traditional medicine in Asian countries for thousands of years. In this study, Neuro-2a cells were exposed to β-HgS, MeHgCl and HgCl (5 µM) for 6-24 h. The cell viability of β-HgS was higher than MeHgCl with 25.

A simple, efficient and rapid HPLC-UV method for the detection of 5-HT in RIN-14B cell extract and cell culture medium.

5-Hydroxytryptamine (also known as 5-HT, serotonin) is one of the monoamine neurotransmitters which is distributed widely in plasma and brain of mammals and plays important roles in physiological manipulations. In the present method, we describe the development of a simple, efficient and rapid high performance liquid chromatographic method coupled with ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) detector for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of 5-HT in both cell extract and cell culture medium (RIN-14B). The experiments use repeated freeze-thaw cycles followed by centrifugation and direct injection of the supernatant into the chromatography.

A Novel Zebrafish Larvae Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Model for Assessing Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.

Strategies to reduce reperfusion injury after ischemia have been considered in clinical practice, but few interventions have successfully passed the proof-of-concept stage. In this study, we developed a novel zebrafish larvae hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model to simulate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI), with potential utility as a drug screening tool. After H/R treatment, videos of transgenic [Tg(cmlc:EGFP)] larval zebrafish hearts were captured using a digital high-speed camera, and the heart rate, diastolic area, systolic area, and total fraction of area changed were quantified.

Effects of Yak skin gelatin on platelet activation.

Studies have shown that gelatin is not only a good hemostatic material, but also a food additive with potentially broad use. Yak skin gelatin is a new gelatin resource, but its oral coagulant effects have not been studied. Given the central role of platelets in hemostasis, in this study we examined the pharmacodynamical differences between different molecular Yak skin gelatins on platelet activation.

HgS Inhibits Oxidative Stress Caused by Hypoxia through Regulation of 5-HT Metabolism Pathway.

This study aims to reveal the potential relationship between 5-HT and oxidative stress in the organism. Our in vitro experiments in RIN-14B cells showed that anoxia leads the cells to the state of oxidative stress. Administration of exogenous 5-HT exacerbated this effect, whereas the inhibition of Tph1, LP533401 alleviated the oxidative stress.

Traditional Tibetan medicine Anzhijinhua San attenuates ovalbumin-induced diarrhea by regulating the serotonin signaling system in mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Tibetan medicine has been practiced for 3800 years. Anzhijinhua San (AZJHS), which is a traditional Tibetan medicine, has been effective in the treatment of indigestion, anorexia and cold diarrhea. However, the effects of AZJHS on allergic diarrhea have not been reported.

Hormesis of methylmercury-human serum albumin conjugate on N9 microglia via ERK/MAPKs and STAT3 signaling pathways.

Methylmercury (MeHg) is an extremely toxic organomercury cation that can induce severe neurological damage. Once it enters the body, methylmercury binds to amino acids or proteins containing free sulfhydryl groups. In particular, methylmercury is known to bind with human serum albumin (HSA) in human plasma; however, the effects of methylmercury-HSA conjugate (MeHg-HSA) on the central nervous system (CNS) are not fully understood.

Development of a safety and efficacy nanoemulsion delivery system encapsulated gambogic acid for acute myeloid leukemia in vitro and in vivo.

This study aimed to improve the solubility, reduce the side effects and enhance the efficacy of gambogic acid against acute myeloid leukemia in vitro and in vivo. This oil-in-water nanoemulsion (average size 17.20 ± 0.

Hormesis of mercuric chloride-human serum albumin adduct on N9 microglial cells via the ERK/MAPKs and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways.

Mercury chloride (HgCl), a neurotoxicant that cannot penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Although when the BBB are got damaged by neurodegenerative disorders, the absorbed HgCl, mainly in form of Hg (II)-serum albumin adduct (Hg-HSA) in human plasma, can penetrate BBB and affect central nervous system (CNS) cells. Current study planned to evaluate the effect of Hg-HSA on the physiological function of N9 microglial cells.

[Metabolic analysis of serotonin system in serum and gastric tissues of ovalbumin-induced allergic mice].

Objective To investigate the changes of 5-HT (serotonin) signaling system in allergic diarrhea mice sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA). Methods The seven-to-eight-week-old BALB/c female mice were randomly divided into model group, sodium chromate group and negative control group. The model group and sodium chromate group were intraperitoneally injected with OVAI (50 μg per mouse) at day 0 and day 14 respectively.

Effect of the Tibetan Medicine Zuotai on Degranulation and Inflammatory Mediator Release in RBL-2H3 Cells.

Zuotai is a drug containing mercury considered to be the king of Tibetan medicine. The biosafety of Zuotai led people's attention and so far little is known about the toxicity of Zuotai to mast cells. RBL-2H3 cells which used as an alternative model of mast cells were treated with Zuotai, β-HgS and positive drug Compound 48/80 respectively.

The depressive-like behaviors of chronic unpredictable mild stress-treated mice, ameliorated by Tibetan medicine Zuotai: involvement in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis pathway.

Background: Zuotai, a famous Tibetan medicinal mixture containing metacinnabar, is traditionally used for the purpose of tranquilizing minds and soothing nerves. However, it still lacks substantial experimental data for it to be approved for use.

Aim: This study was designed to assess the effects of Zuotai on depressive-like symptoms in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mouse model, and to explore its potential mechanism, particularly the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis pathway.

pH-Dependent Effects of L-Cysteine on Mercury Dissolution of α-HgS and β-HgS.

Mercury sulfide is an insoluble inorganic mercury compound, and it is the main chemical form in traditional oral mercury-containing medicines. Hg has a high affinity for thiols, and small molecule thiols in the gastrointestinal tract may promote mercury dissolution of mercury sulfide by binding to Hg. L-cysteine is the only amino acid that possesses a reducing sulfhydryl group (-SH), out of the 20 amino acids.

An antioxidant α-glucan from Cladina rangiferina (L.) Nyl. and its protective effect on alveolar epithelial cells from Pb-induced oxidative damage.

Air pollution is a serious global health problem nowadays. So, it is an emergency to pay sufficient attention to treat and prevent the diseases caused by air pollution, especially respiratory disease and lung damage. Cladina rangiferina (L.

Characterization and cardioprotective activity of anthocyanins from Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. by-products.

The Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. fruit is an indigenous berry of the shrub belonging to the Zygophyllaceae family which grows at an altitude of over 3000 m in the Tibetan Plateau, and has been used as a native medicinal food for treating weakness of the spleen, stomach syndrome, dyspepsia, neurasthenia, dizziness, etc. for thousands of years.

Characterization and antitumor efficacy of poly(L-lactid acid)-based etoposide-loaded implants.

Etoposide is widely used in the chemotherapy of a variety of malignancies. But the strong lipophilicity, poor bioavailability, and severe side effects of etoposide limit its clinical application. The aim of this study was to develop sustained-release etoposide-loaded implants and evaluate antitumor activity of the implants after intratumoral implantation.

Physicochemical and functional properties of gelatin extracted from Yak skin.

Different molecular weight distribution (MWD) gelatin was extracted from Yak skin after enzymatic pretreatments and their physicochemical and functional properties (SDS-PAGE, UV-vis absorption spectra, DSC, FT-IR, Amino acid analysis, AFM, emulsibility and foamability) were analyzed. The gelatin was extracted by pepsin and got different MWD of Yak skin gelatin by controlling the enzymolysis time. The SDS-PAGE showed the MWD of the Yak skin gelatin.

Mercury sulfides are much less nephrotoxic than mercury chloride and methylmercury in mice.

Mercury sulfides (α-HgS, β-HgS) are frequently included in traditional medicines. Mercury is known for nephrotoxicity, their safety is of concern. To address this question, mice were orally administrated with Zuotai (54% β-HgS, 30mg/kg), α-HgS (HgS, 30mg/kg), HgCl (33.

Chemical Species, Micromorphology, and XRD Fingerprint Analysis of Tibetan Medicine Containing Mercury.

() is one of the famous drugs containing mercury in Tibetan medicine. However, little is known about the chemical substance basis of its pharmacodynamics and the intrinsic link of different samples sources so far. Given this, energy dispersive spectrometry of X-ray (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to assay the elements, micromorphology, and phase composition of nine samples from different regions, respectively; the XRD fingerprint features of were analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis.

[Metallic Elemental Analysis of Tibetan Herbal Medicines and Tibetan Medicine Preparations by Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray Fluorescence].

To discuss the relationship between metallic element and disease through determine the elementals in Tibetan Herbal Medicines and Tibetan Medicine Preparations that have obvious effect on hepatobiliary diseases by Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Source, then to reveal the substance foundation of pharmacological action. The results show that all the Tibetan Herbal Medicines used in the experiment have the 9 kinds of metallic elements of potassium(K), calcium(Ca), titanium(Ti), vanadium(V), chromium(Cr), manganese(Mn), ferrum(Fe), zinc(Zn) and lead(Pb), the content of the elements are in the ppb or ppm level though the element constitute and the content have obvious difference. Tibetan Medicine Preparations have another 6 kinds of metallic elements of nickel(Ni), copper(Cu), rubidium(Rb), mercury(Hg), cobalt(Co), gallium(Ga) and 1 kind of nonmetallic elements of arsenic(As) when compare with Herbal Medicines, and the element constitute and the content also have obvious difference.

[Dissolution, absorption and bioaccumulation in gastrointestinal tract of mercury in HgS-containing traditional medicines Cinnabar and Zuotai].

α-HgS is the main component of traditional Chinese medicine cinnabar, while β-HgS is the main component of Tibetan medicine Zuotai. However, there was no comparative study on the dissolution and absorption in gastrointestinal tract and bioaccumulation in organs of mercury in Cinnabar, Zuotai, α-HgS and β-HgS. In this study, the dissolution process of the four compounds in the human gastrointestinal tract was simulated to determine the mercury dissolutions and compare the mercury dissolution of different medicines and the dissolution-promoting capacity of different solutions.