Dysregulated Glucuronidation of Bilirubin Exacerbates Liver Inflammation and Fibrosis in Schistosomiasis Japonica through the NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

Hepatic fibrosis is an important pathological manifestation of chronic schistosome infection. Patients with advanced schistosomiasis show varying degrees of abnormalities in liver fibrosis indicators and bilirubin metabolism. However, the relationship between hepatic fibrosis in schistosomiasis and dysregulated bilirubin metabolism remains unclear.

An aquaporin and an aquaglyceroporin have roles in low temperature adaptation of mosquitoes (Anopheles sinensis).

Mosquitoes (Anopheles sinensis), widely geographically distributed in Asia including China, are the primary vector of the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax and other parasitic diseases such as Malayan filariasis. An. sinensis can survive through low winter temperatures.

Awareness Status of Schistosomiasis among School-Aged Students in Two Schools on Pemba Island, Zanzibar: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Schistosomiasis elimination has been set as a target in the Neglected Tropical Disease Roadmap of 2021 to 2030. The present study assessed the level of understanding, awareness and behaviors of schistosomiasis among students in Zanzibar and explored the influencing factors as the basis for reliable suggestions for the follow-up policy on schistosomiasis prevention and control. A Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) survey on students’ perceptions of schistosomiasis was conducted on students from grades 4−9 at two selected schools on Pemba, Zanzibar, from May through September in 2021.

A retrospective analysis of schistosomiasis related literature from 2011-2020: Focusing on the next decade.

Background: Schistosomiasis, an ancient and neglected tropical disease, which poses a huge threat to over 200 million people globally. It is necessary to have a general summary of schistosomiasis research after the new roadmap 2021-2030 issued by WHO. This study analyzes the current status of schistosomiasis research from the perspective of the One Health concept by analyzing important research literature published from 2011 to 2020, while further highlighting research priorities, difficulties, and research directions in order to propose suggestions for tropical disease studies research.

The Deletion of IL-17A Enhances Colonization and Triggers Colitis.

Objective: IL-17 is a key regulator of the inflammatory response, and as such, it is involved in the constraint and clearance of pathogens. The mechanism of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) caused by microbial infection is still unclear. infection can induce colitis in many mouse strains, and thus, it has been widely used in the study of IBD pathogenesis.

Analysis of Intestinal Microflora and Metabolites From Mice With DSS-Induced IBD Treated With Soluble Egg Antigen.

This study aimed to analyze the changes in intestinal flora and metabolites in the intestinal contents of mice with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to preliminarily clarify the mechanism of action of soluble egg antigen (SEA) on IBD, thus, laying a research foundation for the subsequent treatment of IBD. A total of 40 Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were divided into four groups: control, SEA 50 μg, dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS), and SEA 50 μg + DSS. The overall state of the animals was observed continuously during modeling.

UHPLC-MS-Based Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Process of Schistosomiasis in Mice.

Metabolomics, as an emerging technology, has been demonstrated to be a very powerful tool in the study of the host metabolic responses to infections by parasites. Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection caused by worm via the direct contact with the water containing cercaria, among which () is endemic in Asia. In order to characterize the schistosome-induced changes in the host metabolism and further to develop the strategy for early diagnosis of schistosomiasis, we performed comprehensive LC-MS-based metabolomics analysis of serum from mice infected by for 5 weeks.

Xiaochaihu decorction relieves liver fibrosis caused by Schistosoma japonicum infection via the HSP47/TGF-β pathway.

Background: Hepatic fibrosis caused by chronic infection with Schistosoma japonica remains a serious public health problem in the world. Symptoms include inflammation, liver granuloma and fibrosis, whilst treatment options are still limited. This study aims to investigate whether and how traditional Chinese medicine Xiaochaihu decoction (XCH) could mitigate liver fibrosis caused by S.

Helicobacter hepaticus infection-induced IL-33 promotes hepatic inflammation and fibrosis through ST2 signaling pathways in BALB/c mice.

It has been documented that Helicobacter hepaticus (H. hepaticus) infection is linked to hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a cytokine involved in inflammatory and fibrotic diseases, but its relevance to H.

Helicobacter hepaticus infection induces chronic hepatitis and fibrosis in male BALB/c mice via the activation of NF-κB, Stat3, and MAPK signaling pathways.

Background: It has been documented that Helicobacter hepaticus (H hepaticus) infection is linked to chronic hepatitis and liver cancer. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying progression of the H hepaticus-induced hepatic inflammation to cellular hepatocarcinoma is still limited.

Materials And Methods: In our study, male BALB/c mice were infected by H hepaticus for 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks.

Identification of newly developed advanced schistosomiasis with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and ClinProTools analysis.

Cases of newly developed advanced schistosomiasis (NDAS) have occurred in areas where schistosomiasis transmission has been blocked for more than 25 years. The causes and pathogenesis of NDAS are still unknown. Diagnosis of NDAS relies on historical investigation and clinical symptoms, such as liver fibrosis, hepatic ascites and abnormal biochemical indexes in serum.

Membrane Vesicles Are the Dominant Structural Components of Ceftazidime-Induced Biofilm Formation in an Oxacillin-Sensitive MRSA.

Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) has received increasing attention in recent years. However, the characteristics and relevant mechanisms of biofilm formation in oxacillin-sensitive MRSA (OS-MRSA) are poorly understood. This study was designed to characterize biofilm formation in OS-MRSA BWSA15 in response to ceftazidime (TZ) by comparing the methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) strain BWSA23 and the oxacillin-resistant MRSA (OR-MRSA) strain BWSA11.

[Establishment of an animal model of infection and study on therapeutic methods Ⅰ Establishment of an animal model of infection in mice and changes of serum specific antibody levels post-infection].

Objective: To establish an animal model of (plerocercoid larva of ) infection in mice and observe the changes of blood routine examinations and serum anti-sparganum antibody levels after the infection.

Methods: The spargana tapeworms were collected from frogs, and 25 Kunming mice were orally infected with the tapeworms (3 tapeworms/mouse). Two days before the infection and 2, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 days and 49 days after the infection, the peripheral blood samples of mice were collected for the blood routine examinations and the detections of anti- IgG antibody with ELISA.

Cloning and in vitro characterization of a Schistosoma japonicum aquaglyceroporin that functions in osmoregulation.

As one of the three major human pathogens that cause schistosomiasis, Schistosoma japonicum is the only one that is endemic in China. Despite great progress on schistosomiasis control over the past 50 years in China, S. japonicum transmission still occurs in certain endemic regions, which causes significant public health problems and enormous economic losses.

New detection method in experimental mice for schistosomiasis: ClinProTool and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Oncomelania hupensis snails along the Yangtze River and the low positive rate and infectiosity of human and livestock schistosomiasis still pose a threat to public health in China. Adult blood flukes were recognized as Schistosoma japonicum, which are found in the portal system of the sentinel mice bred in the laboratory for 35 days after contact with the water. However, 35 days was too long from the field test to dissection, and the dissection in the laboratory was also time-consuming and labor-intensive.

Aquaglyceroporin function in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae.

Background Information: Anopheles gambiae is the major mosquito vector for Plasmodium falciparum malaria in sub-Saharan Africa, where it survives in stressful climates. Aquaporin water channels are expressed in all life forms, where they provide environmental adaptation by conferring rapid trans-cellular movement of water (classical aquaporins) or water plus glycerol (aquaglyceroporins). Here, we report an aquaglyceroporin homolog in A.

[Proteomic study of the hippocampus tissue from rats with chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection].

Objective: To observe the proteome changes in the hippocampus tissue of rats with chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection.

Methods: Six male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and infection group. Each rat in infection group was intraperitoneally injected with 4 x 10(7) purified T.

Impact of trehalose transporter knockdown on Anopheles gambiae stress adaptation and susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum infection.

Anopheles gambiae is a major vector mosquito for Plasmodium falciparum, the deadly pathogen causing most human malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. Synthesized in the fat body, trehalose is the predominant sugar in mosquito hemolymph. It not only provides energy but also protects the mosquito against desiccation and heat stresses.

[Serological investigation on Toxoplasma gondii infection in patients with unknown central nervous system diseases].

Totally 207 patients with unknown central nervous system diseases and 203 healthy persons were investigated for serum IgG of anti-Toxoplasma antibody assessed by ELISA. The serum IgG positive rate in 207 patients with unknown central nervous system diseases was 19.81%, and that in 203 health people was 5.

Gene silencing of Toll-like receptor 2 inhibits proliferation of human liver cancer cells and secretion of inflammatory cytokines.

Background: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key factors in the innate immune system and initiate the inflammatory response to foreign pathogens such as bacteria, fungi and viruses. In the microenvironment of tumorigenesis, TLRs can promote inflammation and cell survival. Toll-like receptor 2/6 (TLR2/6) signaling in tumor cells is regarded as one of the mechanisms of chronic inflammation but it can also mediate tumor cell immune escape and tumor progression.

Hybrid expression cassettes consisting of a milk protein promoter and a cytomegalovirus enhancer significantly increase mammary-specific expression of human lactoferrin in transgenic mice.

It is very important to develop an effective, specific, and robust expression cassette that ensures a high level of expression in the mammary glands. In this study, we designed and constructed a series of mammary gland-specific vectors containing a complex hybrid promoter/enhancer by utilizing promoter sequences from milk proteins (i.e.

Analysis of diferentially expressed protein from primary and recurrent ovarian cancer serum.

Objective: To study the value of the differentially expressed proteins from primary and recurrent ovarian cancer serum for early diagnosis of primary and recurrent ovarian cancer.

Methods: WCX kit (Bruker Daltonics GraBH) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) technology were used to detect serum samples from 49 patients with primary ovarian cancer and 21 patients with recurrent disease.

Results: In the mass range (Mr) from 1,000 to 12,000 Da, eight differentially expressed protein peaks were screened from primary ovarian cancer serum.

[Expression of Toll-like receptor 4 in brain tissue of chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection rats and its effect on brain injury].

Objective: To explore the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in brain tissue of chronic Toxoplasma infection rats and its effect on brain injury.

Methods: Ten male SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups, namely control and infection groups. Each rat in the infection group was intraperitoneal injected with Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites 10(7)/ml x 2 ml, and that in the control group was injected with 2 ml sterile normal sodium.

Production and characterization of hirudin variant-1 by SUMO fusion technology in E. coli.

Hirudin is the most potent non-covalent inhibitor of thrombin. Several expression systems have been used to produce recombinant hirudin for pharmaceutical purposes. However, high expression of active hirudin in Escherichia coli cytoplasm has not been successful owing to the fact that heterogenetic small peptide is easily degraded in the cell.