Variation in leaf dark respiration among C3 and C4 grasses is associated with use of different substrates.

Measurements of respiratory properties have often been made at a single time point either during daytime using dark-adapted leaves or during nighttime. The influence of the day-night cycle on respiratory metabolism has received less attention but is crucial to understand photosynthesis and photorespiration. Here, we examined how CO2- and O2-based rates of leaf dark respiration (Rdark) differed between midday (after 30-min dark adaptation) and midnight in 8 C3 and C4 grasses.

It's only natural: Plant respiration in unmanaged systems.

Respiration plays a key role in the terrestrial carbon cycle and is a fundamental metabolic process in all plant tissues and cells. We review respiration from the perspective of plants that grow in their natural habitat and how it is influenced by wide-ranging elements at different scales, from metabolic substrate availability to shifts in climate. Decades of field-based measurements have honed our understanding of the biological and environmental controls on leaf, root, stem, and whole-organism respiration.

Gut bacterial profiles in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review.

Introduction: Recent advances have highlighted the relationships between gut dysbiosis and Parkinson's disease (PD). Microbiota transplantation from PD patients to mice can induce increased alpha-synuclein-mediated motor deficits. Human studies have identified differences in the gut microbiota of PD patients compared to healthy controls.

Dark respiration rates are not determined by differences in mitochondrial capacity, abundance and ultrastructure in C leaves.

Our understanding of the regulation of respiration in C plants, where mitochondria play different roles in the different types of C photosynthetic pathway, remains limited. We examined how leaf dark respiration rates (R ), in the presence and absence of added malate, vary in monocots representing the three classical biochemical types of C photosynthesis (NADP-ME, NAD-ME and PCK) using intact leaves and extracted bundle sheath strands. In particular, we explored to what extent rates of R are associated with mitochondrial number, volume and ultrastructure.

[Evaluation of yogurt intake status of Chinese adults in 8 cities and its relationship with metabolic syndrome in 2016].

Objective: To investigate the level of yogurt intake in the Chinese population and its relationship between the level of yogurt intake and metabolic syndrome.

Methods: Samples were taken from populations in 8 cities in China. Dietary surveys, physical examinations, and blood sample were collected.

Oral, Nasal, and Gut Microbiota in Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most frequently diagnosed neurodegenerative disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the link between microbiota composition in important mucosal interfaces (oral, nasal, and intestinal) and PD. Sequencing was undertaken of the V4-V5 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene of the microbiome from the oral cavity, nasal cavity, and gut of 91 PD patients and 91 healthy controls.

The crucial roles of mitochondria in supporting C photosynthesis.

C photosynthesis involves a series of biochemical and anatomical traits that significantly improve plant productivity under conditions that reduce the efficiency of C photosynthesis. We explore how evolution of the three classical biochemical types of C photosynthesis (NADP-ME, NAD-ME and PCK types) has affected the functions and properties of mitochondria. Mitochondria in C NAD-ME and PCK types play a direct role in decarboxylation of metabolites for C photosynthesis.

Responses of leaf respiration to heatwaves.

Mitochondrial respiration (R) is central to plant physiology and responds dynamically to daily short-term temperature changes. In the longer-term, changes in energy demand and membrane fluidity can decrease leaf R at a common temperature and increase the temperature at which leaf R peaks (T ). However, leaf R functionality is more susceptible to short-term heatwaves.

[Dietary evaluation of 52 lactating mothers in Beijing in 2018 and its relationship with breast milk composition].

Objective: To investigate the dietary nutrition status of lactating mothers in Beijing and the relationship between dietary nutrition level and breast milk composition.

Methods: Using convenient sampling, fifty-two lactating mothers were investigated and their breast milk was collected from May 2018 to July 2018. Dietary nutrient intake and the incidence of insufficiency nutrients intake were calculated.

Leaf trait variation is similar among genotypes of Eucalyptus camaldulensis from differing climates and arises in plastic responses to the seasons rather than water availability.

We used a widely distributed tree Eucalyptus camaldulensis subsp. camaldulensis to partition intraspecific variation in leaf functional traits to genotypic variation and phenotypic plasticity. We examined if genotypic variation is related to the climate of genotype provenance and whether phenotypic plasticity maintains performance in a changing environment.

Transcriptomic analysis of small intestinal mucosa from porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infected piglets.

Caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is an acute infectious disease which causes damage to the intestine including intestinal villus atrophy and shedding, leading to serious economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. In order to obtain detailed information about the pathogenesis and host immune response in a PEDV-infected host for first In vivo study we used high-throughput sequencing to analyze the gene expression differences of the small intestinal mucosa after infection with PEDV. Transcripts obtained were over 65,525,000 clean reads after reassembly were 22,605 genes detected, of which 22,248 were known genes and 371 new genes were predicted.

The combination of gas-phase fluorophore technology and automation to enable high-throughput analysis of plant respiration.

Background: Mitochondrial respiration in the dark () is a critical plant physiological process, and hence a reliable, efficient and high-throughput method of measuring variation in rates of is essential for agronomic and ecological studies. However, currently methods used to measure in plant tissues are typically low throughput. We assessed a high-throughput automated fluorophore system of detecting multiple O consumption rates.

[Construction and expression of fusion protein TRX-hJagged1 in E.coli BL21].

This study was purposed to construct prokaryotic expression vector and to investigate the expression of Notch ligand Jagged1 in E.coli. An expression vector pET-hJagged1 was constructed, which can be inserted in Jagged1 with different lengths, but the DSL domain of human Jagged1 should be contained.

[Effects of genistein on colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo and its mechanism of action].

Objective: To study the effects of genistein on the proliferation, apoptosis induction and expression of related gene proteins of human colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, and its mechanisms of action.

Methods: MTT colorimetric assay was used to detect the effects of genistein on the proliferation of human colon adenocarcinoma SW480 cells. Light and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the histological and ultrastructural changes.

Notch signaling maintains proliferation and survival of the HL60 human promyelocytic leukemia cell line and promotes the phosphorylation of the Rb protein.

The Notch signaling pathway has been implicated in the development of several leukemia and lymphoma. In order to investigate the relationship between Notch signaling and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), in this study, we expressed a recombinant Notch ligand protein, the DSL domain of the human Jagged1 fused with GST (GST-Jag1). GST-Jag1 could activate Notch signaling in the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL60, as shown by a reporter assay and the induced expression of Notch effector gene Hes1 and Hes5.