SASH1 is a novel binding partner to disassemble Caskin1 tandem SAM homopolymer through heterogeneous SAM-SAM interaction.

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase (CASK) interaction protein 1/2 (Caskin1/2) is essential neuronal synaptic scaffold protein in nervous system development. Knockouts of Caskin1/2 display severe deficits in novelty recognition and spatial memory. The tandem sterile alpha motif (SAM) domains of Caskin1/2, also conserved in their Drosophila homolog Ckn, are known to form homopolymers, yet their dynamic regulation mechanism remains unclear.

Accurate patient alignment without unnecessary imaging using patient-specific 3D CT images synthesized from 2D kV images.

Background: In radiotherapy, 2D orthogonally projected kV images are used for patient alignment when 3D-on-board imaging (OBI) is unavailable. However, tumor visibility is constrained due to the projection of patient's anatomy onto a 2D plane, potentially leading to substantial setup errors. In treatment room with 3D-OBI such as cone beam CT (CBCT), the field of view (FOV) of CBCT is limited with unnecessarily high imaging dose.

Exploration of the molecular characteristics and potential clinical significance of shared immune-related genes between preterm preeclampsia and term preeclampsia.

Background: Preeclampsia is a severe obstetric disorder that significantly affects the maternal and neonatal peri-partum safety and long-term quality of life. However, there is limited research exploring the common mechanisms and potential clinical significance between early-onset preeclampsia and full-term preeclampsia from an immunological perspective.

Methods: In this study, data analysis was conducted.

Nanoemulsion based lipid nanoparticles for effective demethylcantharidin delivery to cure liver cancer.

Demethylcantharidin (DEM) is a widely used antitumor drug; however, its poor tumor targeting and serious organotoxicity limit its application. The aim of this study was to develop a new drug delivery system for efficient delivery of DEM. Nanoemulsion based lipid nanoparticles containing demethylcantharidin (DNLNs) were prepared by loading nanoemulsions into lipid nanoparticles.

Predicting Bloodstream Infection in High-risk Groups of Liver Failure Patients with Artificial Liver Support System.

Background: Liver failure is a rare, life-threatening disease that has a high mortality rate and affects many organ systems. Bloodstream bacterial infection has played a key role in liver failure patients with plasma exchange-centered artificial liver support systems, but the predicted risk factors of infection have not been fully understood.

Objective: We aimed to predict bloodstream bacterial infection in high-risk groups of liver failure patients during a plasma exchange-centered artificial liver support system.

Overexpressed Trophoblast Glycoprotein Contributes to Preeclampsia Development by Inducing Abnormal Trophoblast Migration and Invasion Toward the Uterine Spiral Artery.

Background: Preeclampsia is a significant pregnancy disorder with an unknown cause, mainly attributed to impaired spiral arterial remodeling.

Methods: Using RNA sequencing, we identified key genes in placental tissues from healthy individuals and preeclampsia patients. Placenta and plasma samples from pregnant women were collected to detect the expression of TPBG (trophoblast glycoprotein).

Bioinformatics analysis identifies potential autophagy key genes and immune infiltration in preeclampsia.

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a disease that seriously threatens maternal and fetal health. Appropriate autophagy can shield the placenta from oxidative stress, but its role in PE is unclear.

Objective: To identify potential autophagy-related genes in PE.

Artificial general intelligence for radiation oncology.

The emergence of artificial general intelligence (AGI) is transforming radiation oncology. As prominent vanguards of AGI, large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 and PaLM 2 can process extensive texts and large vision models (LVMs) such as the Segment Anything Model (SAM) can process extensive imaging data to enhance the efficiency and precision of radiation therapy. This paper explores full-spectrum applications of AGI across radiation oncology including initial consultation, simulation, treatment planning, treatment delivery, treatment verification, and patient follow-up.

SASH1: A Novel Eph Receptor Partner and Insights into SAM-SAM Interactions.

The Eph (erythropoietin-producing human hepatocellular) receptor family, the largest subclass of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), plays essential roles in embryonic development and neurogenesis. The intracellular Sterile Alpha Motif (SAM) domain presents a critical structural feature that distinguishes Eph receptors from other RTKs and participates in recruiting and binding downstream molecules. This study identified SASH1 (SAM and SH3 domain containing 1) as a novel Eph receptor-binding partner through SAM-SAM domain interactions.

Evaluating large language models on a highly-specialized topic, radiation oncology physics.

Purpose: We present the first study to investigate Large Language Models (LLMs) in answering radiation oncology physics questions. Because popular exams like AP Physics, LSAT, and GRE have large test-taker populations and ample test preparation resources in circulation, they may not allow for accurately assessing the true potential of LLMs. This paper proposes evaluating LLMs on a highly-specialized topic, radiation oncology physics, which may be more pertinent to scientific and medical communities in addition to being a valuable benchmark of LLMs.

Oxidation of Primary Alcohols and Aldehydes to Carboxylic Acids with 1-Hydroxycyclohexyl Phenyl Ketone.

The oxidation of primary alcohols to the corresponding carboxylic acids is one of the fundamental and useful reactions in organic synthesis. In this paper, we report our comprehensive results toward the oxidation of primary alcohols and aldehydes to acids via hydride transfer reactions mediated by 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone. Under the strong basic conditions of sodium -butoxide, the room temperature oxidations tolerate a range of functional groups, including vulnerable -butanesulfinamides, amines, sulfides, olefins, and heterocycles, and provide good to excellent yields.

Specialized -Acting RNA Elements Balance Genome Cyclization to Ensure Efficient Replication of Yellow Fever Virus.

Genome cyclization is essential for viral RNA (vRNA) replication of the vertebrate-infecting flaviviruses, and yet its regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood. Yellow fever virus (YFV) is a notorious pathogenic flavivirus. Here, we demonstrated that a group of -acting RNA elements in YFV balance genome cyclization to govern efficient vRNA replication.

Alpha-2-macroglobulin is involved in the occurrence of early-onset pre-eclampsia via its negative impact on uterine spiral artery remodeling and placental angiogenesis.

Background: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal morbidity/mortality during pregnancy, and alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M) is associated with inflammatory signaling; however, the pathophysiological mechanism by which A2M is involved in PE development is not yet understood.

Methods: Human placenta samples, serum, and corresponding clinical data of the participants were collected to study the pathophysiologic mechanism underlying PE. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were intravenously injected with an adenovirus vector carrying A2M via the tail vein on gestational day (GD) 8.

Comparison of different modified operations in the reduced uteroplacental perfusion pressure rat model of preeclampsia.

Introduction: Animal models are indispensable tools in studying the mechanisms underlying the diseases. Rat models with reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) were able to mimic the pathophysiological traits of placental ischemia and hypoxia in preeclampsia (PE). However, ischemic injury can lead to a cascade of damage to lower limb ischemia in RUPP.

Ferritin light chain deficiency-induced ferroptosis is involved in preeclampsia pathophysiology by disturbing uterine spiral artery remodelling.

The proteomic analysis from samples of patients with preeclampsia (PE) displayed a low level of ferritin light chains (FTL), but we do not know what the significance of reduced FTL in PE pathophysiology is. To address this question, we first demonstrated that FTL was expressed in first- and third-trimester cytotrophoblasts, including extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs), of the human placenta. Furthermore, a pregnant rat model of FTL knockdown was successfully established by intravenously injecting adenoviruses expressing shRNA targeting FTL.

Synthesis of C2-Carbonyl Indoles via Visible Light-Induced Oxidative Cleavage of an Aminomethylene Group.

A strategy for photochemical oxidative cleavage of the aminomethylene group at the C2 position of indole was developed to synthesize C2-carbonyl indoles. The reaction was initiated by the photochemical oxidation of N1, followed by a water-assisted concerted H-shift by abstracting hydrogen from aminomethylene. Bromopyridine was discovered to play dual roles as an oxidant for the regeneration of photocatalysts and as an accelerant for the single-electron transfer process.

Decatungstate Catalyzed Photochemical Acetylation of C(sp)-H Bonds.

A direct acetylation of inert C(sp)-H bonds was developed that was catalyzed by decatungstate under visible light irradiation and was followed by radical addition-disassociation with phenylsulfonyl ethanone oxime. The reaction displays site-selectivity in multiple C(sp)-H bonds without prefunctionalization and directing groups. Various functional groups are well-tolerated and natural molecules are structurally feasible.

Ferroptosis-Related Proteins Are Potential Diagnostic Molecular Markers for Patients with Preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia (PE) is the leading cause of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. Early and accurate diagnosis is critical to reduce mortality. Placental oxidative stress has been identified as a major pathway to the development of PE.

Ferroptosis-related gene expression in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Placental oxidative stress has been identified as a major pathway to the development of PE. Ferroptosis is a new form of regulated cell death that is associated with iron metabolism and oxidative stress, and likely mediates PE pathogenesis.