Anti-inflammatory effects of 1,7-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyxanthone through inhibition of M1-phenotype macrophages via arginine/mitochondrial axis.

It is known that 1,7-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyxanthone (XAN), derived from Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk., exhibits anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities and inhibits M1 polarization of macrophages. However, its ability to alleviate inflammation induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines in THP-1 cells and its anti-inflammatory mechanisms remain unclear.

Lipopolysaccharide Triggers Luminal Acidification to Promote Defense Against Bacterial Infection in Vaginal Epithelium.

The vaginal epithelium plays pivotal roles in host defense against pathogen invasion, contributing to the maintenance of an acidic microenvironment within the vaginal lumen through the activity of acid-base transport proteins. However, the precise defense mechanisms of the vaginal epithelium after a bacterial infection remain incompletely understood. This study showed that bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) potentiated net proton efflux by up-regulating the expression of Na-H exchanger 1 (NHE1) in vaginal epithelial cells.

SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein impairs airway epithelial barrier function and exacerbates airway inflammation via increased intracellular Cl concentration.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection disrupts the epithelial barrier and triggers airway inflammation. The envelope (E) protein, a core virulence structural component of coronaviruses, may play a role in this process. Pathogens could interfere with transepithelial Cl transport via impairment of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which modulates nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling.

The Corrosion Resistance and Mechanism of AT13/Fe-Based Amorphous Composite Coatings.

Due to high strength, high wear resistance and high corrosion resistance, the amorphous metallic glasses were investigated widely. In the present study, the corrosion resistance of amorphous coating and composite coatings with various proportions of AT13 (AlO-13 wt.% TiO) ceramic as additions in 3.

Effects of hUCB-MSCs on recovery of neurological function and TERT expression in brain tissue of rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

The aim of this study was to investigate and analyze the effects of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) on the recovery of neurological function and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression in brain tissue of rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. A total of 100 healthy adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: The control group and the observation group according to the random number table method. After the model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was established, the rats in the observation group were treated with hUCB-MSCs (10 ml/kg), while the rats in the control group were treated with saline every day.

Stat3 Controls Maturation and Terminal Differentiation in Mouse Hippocampal Neurons.

The hippocampus is an important region in the brain, responsible for learning, memory, and emotion. The hippocampus is composed of abundant neuronal cells, of which maturation is critical to physiological function and neural disease occurrence. Although the factors affecting neuronal maturation in the hippocampus has been widely studied, the specific mechanism involved in this process is still elusive to us.