The long-term persistence of transgenic volunteers in wild mustard and rice populations.

The undesired presence of GM plants outside of cultivation is one of main concerns for the ecological risk assessment and regulation of GM plants, and how long transgenic volunteers can persist in the nature remains unknown. We conducted two long-term coexistence experiments of Bt-transgenic insect-resistant crops in populations of their wild relatives, using Bt-transgenic oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in wild mustard (B. juncea) populations from 2012 to 2019, and Bt-transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) in wild rice (O.

Mating Disruption of Chilo suppressalis From Sex Pheromone of Another Pyralid Rice Pest Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).

The rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), and the rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée, are two of the most destructive lepidopteran pests in rice. Since these two pyralid insects overlap in their occurrence in rice paddy fields, farmers prefer to set their pheromone-baited traps together in the rice fields for their monitoring. However, our field observation demonstrated that no male adult of C.

Effects of Pest Management Practices on Soil Nematode Abundance, Diversity, Metabolic Footprint and Community Composition Under Paddy Rice Fields.

The wide-scale adoption of transgenic crops has aroused public concern towards potential impacts to the ecological services of soil fauna, such as soil nematodes. However, few studies has examined whether the cultivation of transgenic rice would pose greater threats to soil nematode community and associated ecological functions than insecticides application. Moreover, what are determinants of soil nematode community in paddy fields remains unclear.

Coexistence of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-transgenic and conventional rice affects insect abundance and plant fitness in fields.

Background: As genetically modified (GM) crops are cultivated worldwide, concerns are emerging about the ecological consequences of the coexistence of transgenic and non-transgenic crops in fields. We first conducted field experiments using insect-resistant transgenic rice expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt-transgenic rice) and its counterpart conventional rice (Oryza sativa L.) with or without insecticide spraying in 2013 and 2014.

No effect of Bt-transgenic rice litter on the meiobenthos community in field ditches.

Background: The non-target effect of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins in aquatic ecosystems is crucial to improve the present assessment of Bt-transgenic plants, particularly where crops are cultivated near aquatic ecosystems. We conducted decomposition experiments during two growing seasons to determine the effects of Bt-transgenic rice litter with and without insecticide application on the meiobenthos communities in a field ditch.

Results: The community composition of meiobenthos colonised on leaf litter was not significantly different between Bt and non-Bt rice.

Characterization of competitive interactions in the coexistence of Bt-transgenic and conventional rice.

Background: Transgene flow through pollen and seeds leads to transgenic volunteers and feral populations in the nature, and consumer choice and economic incentives determine whether transgenic crops will be cultivated in the field. Transgenic and non-transgenic plants are likely to coexist in the field and natural habitats, but their competitive interactions are not well understood.

Methods: Field experiments were conducted in an agricultural ecosystem with insecticide spraying and a natural ecosystem, using Bt-transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) and its non-transgenic counterpart in pure and mixed stands with a replacement series.

Influence of transgenic rice expressing a fused Cry1Ab/1Ac protein on frogs in paddy fields.

As genetic engineering in plants is increasingly used to control agricultural pests, it is important to determine whether such transgenic plants adversely affect non-target organisms within and around cultivated fields. The cry1Ab/1Ac fusion gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has insecticidal activity and has been introduced into rice line Minghui 63 (MH63). We evaluated the effect of transgenic cry1Ab/1Ac rice (Huahui 1, HH1) on paddy frogs by comparing HH1 and MH63 rice paddies with and without pesticide treatment.

Microarray detection and qPCR screening of potential biomarkers of Folsomia candida (Collembola: Isotomidae) exposed to Bt proteins (Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac).

The impact of Bt proteins on non-target arthropods is less understood than their effects on target organisms where the mechanism of toxic action is known. Here, we report the effects of two Bt proteins, Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac, on gene expression in the non-target collembolan, Folsomia candida. A customized microarray was used to study gene expression in F.

Consequences of gene flow between oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and its relatives.

Numerous studies have focused on the probability of occurrence of gene flow between transgenic crops and their wild relatives and the likelihood of transgene escape, which should be assessed before the commercial release of transgenic crops. This review paper focuses on this issue for oilseed rape, Brassica napus L., a species that produces huge numbers of pollen grains and seeds.

[Study on tissue cultivation of adventitious roots of Pseudostellaria heterophylla].

Objective: To systematically optimize the cultivation conditions of adventitious roots of Pseudostellaria heterophylla.

Method: Tissue cultivation technology and ultraviolet spectrophotometry were adopted to observe the effect of inoculum volume, sucrose concentration, inorganic salt concentration, number of cultivation days, gradual scale-up cultivation and bubble different angles of bioreactor on the growth of adventitious roots of P. heterophylla, and determine the content of constituents such as saponin, polysaccharide and amino acid.

[Determination of nine steroidal saponins in Paris polyphylla from different areas of Guizhou province by HPLC].

Objective: To compare steroidal saponins-main active ingredients of Paris polyphylla from different areas in Guizhou province, in order to provided basis for further proving Guizhou province to be the planting base of P. polyphylla.

Method: The contents of nine steroidal saponins, namely paris-VII, (25R)-5-en-spirost-3beta,17alpha-diol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2) [alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->4)]-beta-D-glycopyanoside (PGRR), paris-H, paris-VI, paris-II , paris-III, gracillin, paris-I and paris-V of P.