Isolation and purification of polyphenols, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic and active constituent analysis of walnut septum polyphenols.

Walnut septum is rich in polyphenolic substances, but the hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic effects of walnut septum polyphenols (WSP) and the main active compounds responsible for these effects are still unknown. In the present study, WSP was firstly extracted, and then purified using D101 macroporous resin, and the purity of WSP obtained was 87.36 %.

Insufficient autophagy enables the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) to promote ferroptosis in morphine-treated SH-SY5Y cells.

Rationale: While morphine has important therapeutic value it is also one of the most widely abused drugs in the world. As a newly discovered style of cell death, ferroptosis is involved in the occurrence and development of many diseases, however, the current understanding of the relationship between ferroptosis and morphine is still limited.

Objective: To clarify the role of opioid receptors in morphine-induced ferroptosis and to investigate the role of NRF2 in morphine-induced ferroptosis.

Walnut Protein Peptides Ameliorate DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis Damage in Mice: An Analysis and Investigation.

Walnut ( L.) is a food with food-medicine homology, whose derived protein peptides have been shown to have anti-inflammatory activity . However, the effects and mechanisms of walnut protein peptides on ulcerative colitis (UC) have not been systematically and thoroughly investigated.

Isolation, Identification, Activity Evaluation, and Mechanism of Action of Neuroprotective Peptides from Walnuts: A Review.

As human life expectancy increases, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases in older adults has increased in parallel. Walnuts contain bioactive peptides with demonstrated neuroprotective effects, making them a valuable addition to the diet. We here present a comprehensive review of the various methods used to prepare, isolate, purify, and identify the neuroprotective peptides found in walnuts.

Enhanced tight junction in Caco-2 cells by the pretreatment with Lactobacillus johnsonii strain MG.

We investigated roles of Lactobacillus johnsonii MG (MG) isolated from mice with interaction with tight junction on gut barrier function with Caco-2 cell model. Pretreatment with MG enhanced barrier function and showed protective effect against Enterococcus faecium provided damage. MG treatment increased the gene expressions of transcriptional regulator NFKB and major tight junction protein, ZO-1.

Kappa opioid receptor in nucleus accumbens regulates depressive-like behaviors following prolonged morphine withdrawal in mice.

Prolonged withdrawal from opioids leads to negative emotions. Kappa opioid receptor (KOR) plays an important role in opioid addiction and affective disorders. However, the underlying mechanism of KOR in withdrawal-related depression is still lacking.

Lam. Isothiocyanate Quinazolinone Derivatives Inhibit U251 Glioma Cell Proliferation through Cell Cycle Regulation and Apoptosis Induction.

A major active constituent of Lam. is 4-[(α-L-rhamnose oxy) benzyl] isothiocyanate (MITC). To broaden MITC's application and improve its biological activity, we synthesized a series of MITC quinazolinone derivatives and evaluated their anticancer activity.

GAPDH Released from MG Enhances Barrier Function by Upregulating Genes Associated with Tight Junctions.

Extracellular glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) has multiple interactions with various gut epithelial components. For instance, GAPDH in MG cells interacts with junctional adhesion molecule-2 (JAM-2) in Caco-2 cells and enhances tight junctions. However, the specificity of GAPDH toward JAM-2 and its role in the tight junctions in Caco-2 cells remain unclear.

Obesity, but not high-fat diet, is associated with bone loss that is reversed via CD4CD25Foxp3 Tregs-mediated gut microbiome of non-obese mice.

Osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone mass, microarchitectural deterioration, and increased bone fragility. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity also results in bone loss, which is associated with an imbalanced gut microbiome. However, whether HFD-induced obesity or HFD itself promotes osteoclastogenesis and consequent bone loss remains unclear.

Effects of glycogen synthase kinase-3β activity inhibition on cognitive, behavioral, and hippocampal ultrastructural deficits in adulthood associated with adolescent methamphetamine exposure.

Objective: Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) has been implicated in the maintenance of synaptic plasticity, memory process, and psychostimulant-induced behavioral effects. Hyperactive GSK3β in the Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) subregion of the dorsal hippocampus (DHP) was associated with adolescent methamphetamine (METH) exposure-induced behavioral and cognitive deficits in adulthood. This study aimed to evaluate the possible therapeutic effects of GSK3β inhibition in adulthood on adolescent METH exposure-induced long-term neurobiological deficits.

The dependences of mesenchymal stem cells commitments on the size, concentration, internalization and exposure time of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles through F-actin, Lamin A and ROS.

Though magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are approved for clinical use as contrast agents for MR imaging in United States and Europe, and are widely used to label cells in research, the relationship between IONPs and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is not fully addressed. Here the effects of consistently appeared γ-Fe O on the lineage commitment of MSCs were studied to optimize applications of IONPs in MSCs upon verification of viability. 30 nm 10 μg/mL induced highest promotions on osteogenesis, while 30 and 50 nm of 100 μg/mL elicited most chondrogensis in 14 days, where the effects on ALP, GAG and SOX9 appeared after 7 days, while on RUNX2 came out after 10 days.

Exploring the common pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus microarray data analysis.

Background: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) have an increased incidence in modern society. Although more and more evidence has supported that DM is prone to AD, the interrelational mechanisms remain fully elucidated.

Purpose: The primary purpose of this study is to explore the shared pathophysiological mechanisms of AD and DM.

Lam. Peptide Remodels Intestinal Mucosal Barrier by Inhibiting JAK-STAT Activation and Modulating Gut Microbiota in Colitis.

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but progress in exploring its pathogenesis and finding effective drugs for its prevention and treatment has stalled in recent years. The seeds of Lam. are rich in proteins known to have multiple physiological activities.

Physicochemical and Colon Cancer Cell Inhibitory Properties of Theabrownins Prepared by Weak Alkali Oxidation of Tea Polyphenols.

Existing studies on the biological activity of theabrownins are not based on their free state but on the complexes of theabrownins, polysaccharides, proteins, and flavonoids. In this study, theabrownins (TBs-C) were prepared by weak alkali oxidation of tea polyphenols. The ultraviolet-visible scanning spectrum of TBs-C showed two characteristic absorption peaks at 203 and 270 nm.

Study on the Mechanism of Reducing Hepatotoxicity of Water-Grinding Realgar by Metabolomics, Morphology, and Chemical Analysis.

Background: Realgar was usually selected as a substitute for arsenic trioxide to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia due to its higher effect without high cardiotoxicity. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), realgar is usually processed by the water-grinding method clinically, but the mechanism of realgar processing detoxification is still unclear. However, it is necessary to take safety and efficacy into account while evaluating a drug.

Effect of cultivation ages on anti-inflammatory activity of a new type of red ginseng.

Ginseng has been widely applied in clinical practice, but the cultivation age cannot be ignored as it influences the quality of ginseng and its products. In this work, different cultivation ages of fresh ginseng (FG) from four to seven years were analysed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Principal component analysis and supervised orthogonal partial least squared discrimination analysis, which belong to the normal method of multivariate statistical analysis, were applied to discover the characteristic components of FG at different cultivation ages.

The rate of fluid shear stress is a potent regulator for the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.

We have previously demonstrated that the rate of fluid shear stress (ΔSS) can manipulate the fate of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to osteogenic or chondrogenic cells. However, whether ΔSS is comparable to other two means of induction medium and substrate stiffness that have been proven to be potent in differentiation control is unknown. In this study, we subjected MSCs to 1-7 days of osteogenic or chondrogenic chemical induction, or 1-4 days of 37 or 86 kPa of substrate stiffness induction, followed by 20 min of Fast ΔSS (0-0') or Slow ΔSS (0-2'), which is a laminar FSS that linearly increased from 0 to 10 dyn/cm in 0 (Fast) or 2 min (Slow) and maintained at 10 dyn/cm for a total of 20 min.

Map and correlate intracellular calcium response and matrix deposition in cartilage under physiological oxygen tensions.

Face to the limited repair capability of cartilage, we intended to find out signaling responsible for its matrix synthesis. Since spontaneous calcium response likes a label of cell status, here it was mapped in fresh and 24 hr cultured in situ chondrocytes under oxygen tensions of 20%, 5%, and 1% as well as mimic hypoxia conditions. The calcium source was traced using ethylene glycol-bis (β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and thapsigargin (TG) to treat cartilage.