Tumor perfusion enhancement by microbubbles ultrasonic cavitation reduces tumor glycolysis metabolism and alleviate tumor acidosis.

The tumor microenvironment is increasingly acknowledged as a critical contributor to cancer progression, mediating genetic and epigenetic alterations. Beyond diverse cellular interactions from the microenvironment, physicochemical factors such as tumor acidosis also significantly affect cancer dynamics. Recent research has highlighted that tumor acidosis facilitates invasion, immune escape, metastasis, and resistance to therapies.

Radiomics Model of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI for Evaluating Vessels Encapsulating Tumor Clusters and Microvascular Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Rationale And Objectives: To develop and validate a clinical-radiomics model of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) for the preoperative discrimination of Vessels encapsulating tumor clusters (VETC)- microvascular invasion (MVI) and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Materials And Methods: 219 HCC patients from Institution 1 were split into internal training and validation groups, with 101 patients from Institution 2 assigned to external validation. Histologically confirmed VETC-MVI pattern categorizing HCC into VM-HCC+ (VETC+/MVI+, VETC-/MVI+, VETC+/MVI-) and VM-HCC- (VETC-/MVI-).

The Effects of Programmed Cell Death of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Development of Liver Fibrosis.

Mesenchymal stem cells have shown noticeable potential for unlimited self-renewal. They can differentiate into specific somatic cells, integrate into target tissues via cell-cell contact, paracrine effects, exosomes, and other processes and then regulate the target cells and tissues. Studies have demonstrated that transplantation of MSCs could decrease the expression and concentration of collagen in the liver, thereby reducing liver fibrosis.

Establishment and validation of nomogram model for the diagnosis of AFP-negative hepatocellular carcinoma.

Introduction: As one of the most common malignant tumors in clinical practice, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major threat to human health, where alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is widely used for early screening and diagnoses. However, the level of AFP would not elevate in about 30-40% of HCC patients, which is clinically referred to as AFP-negative HCC, with small tumors at an early stage and atypical imaging features, making it difficult to distinguish benign from malignant by imaging alone.

Methods: A total of 798 patients, with the majority being HBV-positive, were enrolled in the study and were randomized 2:1 to the training and validation groups.

Insights into efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin treatment for the management in older adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin as a monotherapy glucose-lowering drug treatment for older adults with diabetes.

Research Design & Methods: Randomized controlled trial reports were retrieved from PubMed, Embase Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from database inception to 8 May 2021. Publication bias and heterogeneity were assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool and the Cochrane Q statistic, respectively.

Validity of the association between five steroid hormones quantification and female infertility conditions: A new perspective for clinical diagnosis.

Quantification of endogenous steroids and their precursors is essential for diagnosis of a wide range of causes for female infertility. However, immunoassays often overestimate concentrations due to assay interference by other endogenous steroids, especially at low concentrations. In addition, it still lacks of diagnostic reference intervals for five sex steroid hormones, including estradiol (E), 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), pregnenolone (P) and progesterone (P), which are crucial for distinguishing between normal individuals and female infertility.

Corrigendum: Microbubbles Ultrasonic Cavitation Regulates Tumor Interstitial Fluid Pressure and Enhances Sonodynamic Therapy.

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Microbubbles Ultrasonic Cavitation Regulates Tumor Interstitial Fluid Pressure and Enhances Sonodynamic Therapy.

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a promising treatment method for solid tumors. However, the high interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) in tumor tissues limits the accumulation of sonosensitizers. In the present study, microbubbles ultrasonic cavitation was used to regulate the tumor's IFP and evaluate SDT effects.

Association between polymorphism and antiepileptic drug resistance in epilepsy: An updated meta-analysis based on 62 studies.

Objective: Previous clinical studies and meta-analyses have shown controversial results on the association between polymorphism of the gene and anti-epileptic drug (AED) resistance. Based on the fact that sample size and confounding factors could contribute to the inconsistency, we performed an updated meta-analysis by including the most recent studies, and subgroup analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of confounding factors on the association.

Materials And Methods: We searched articles in 6 electronic databases including PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of science, Cochrane Library, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) for relevant articles up to June 2020.

Comparison of Hepatotoxicity Associated With New BCR-ABL Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors vs Imatinib Among Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance: Although BCR-ABL fusion oncoprotein tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BCR-ABL TKIs) can substantially improve the survival rate of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), they are clinically accompanied by severe hepatotoxicity.

Objective: To compare the relative risk (RR) of hepatotoxicity of new-generation BCR-ABL TKIs with that of imatinib, and to provide an overall assessment of the clinical benefit.

Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library databases, and ClinicalTrials.

Efficacy and safety of levetiracetam versus (fos)phenytoin for second-line treatment of epilepticus: a meta-analysis of latest randomized controlled trials.

Objectives: To assess the efficiency and safety profiles of levetiracetam and (fos)phenytoin (phenytoin or fosphenytoin) for second-line treatment of seizures by performing a meta-analysis of RCTs.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, FDA.gov, and ClinicalTrials.

In vitro inhibition of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 by osimertinib, and prediction of in vivo drug-drug interactions.

Osimertinib is the only third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine-kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This study aimed to know the inhibitory effect of osimertinib on human UDP-glucosyltransferases (UGTs) and human liver microsomes (HLMs), as well as to identify its potential to cause drug-drug interaction (DDI) arising from the modulation of UGT activity. High inhibitory effect of osimertinib was shown towards UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A6, 1A7, 1A8, 1A10, 2B7 and 2B15.

Giant polarization anisotropic optical response from anodic aluminum oxide templates embedded with plasmonic metamaterials.

Plasmonic metamaterials enable extraordinary manipulation of key constitutive properties of light at a subwavelength scale and thus have attracted significant interest. Here, we report a simple and convenient nanofabrication method for a novel meta-device by glancing deposition of gold into anodic aluminum oxide templates on glass substrates. A methodology with the assistance of ellipsometric measurements to examine the anisotropy and optical activity properties is presented.

Inhibition of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes by midostaurin and ruxolitinib: implications for drug-drug interactions.

Cancer therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is a rapidly developing field, and several TKIs have been reported to have an impact on the activities of UDP-glucosyltransferases (UGTs), implying a potential risk for drug-drug interaction (DDI). Herein, we investigated the inhibitory effects of two commonly used TKIs, midostaurin and ruxolitinib, on human UGTs and quantitatively evaluated their DDI potential via UGT inhibition. It was found that midostaurin was a potent inhibitor of the majority of human UGTs, including UGT1A3, 1A4, 1A7, 1A8, 1A9, 1A10, 2B7, 2B15, and 2B17, with IC values lower than 4 μM (IC 0.