Unraveling the Microenvironment and the Pathogenic Axis of HIF-1α-Visfatin-Fibrosis in Autoimmune Pancreatitis Using a Single-Cell Atlas.

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is identified as a severe chronic immune-related disorder in pancreas, including two subtypes. In this study, pancreatic lesions in patients diagnosed as either type 1 AIP or type 2 AIP are examined, and these patients' peripheral blood at single-cell level. Furthermore, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and functional assays are performed to verify the identified cell subtypes.

From micro to macro, nanotechnology demystifies acute pancreatitis: a new generation of treatment options emerges.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a disease characterized by an acute inflammatory response in the pancreas. This is caused by the abnormal activation of pancreatic enzymes by a variety of etiologic factors, which results in a localized inflammatory response. The symptoms of this disease include abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting and fever.

EUS-guided fine-needle biopsy fine-needle aspiration for histopathological evidence for type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis: A single-center retrospective study in China.

Background And Objectives: EUS is recommended for guiding pancreatic tissue acquisition in suspected autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) cases. However, there is a lack of comparative research on the effectiveness between EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) and EUS-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) for diagnosing AIP in China. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of EUS-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA) specifically for type 1 AIP.

Assessing the performance and interpretability of the CNN-LSTM-Attention model for daily streamflow forecasting in typical basins of the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Hydrological forecasting is of great significance to regional water resources management and reservoir operation. Climate change has increased the complexity and difficulty of hydrological forecasting. In this study, a hybrid explainable streamflow forecasting model based on CNN-LSTM-Attention was established for five typical river source regions in the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (EQTP).

High-Performance and Anti-Freezing Moisture-Electric Generator Combining Ion-Exchange Membrane and Ionic Hydrogel.

Moisture-electric generators (MEGs), which convert moisture chemical potential energy into electrical power, are attracting increasing attention as clean energy harvesting and conversion technologies. However, existing devices suffer from inadequate moisture trapping, intermittent electric output, suboptimal performance at low relative humidity (RH), and limited ion separation efficiency. This study designs an ionic hydrogel MEG capable of continuously generating energy with enhanced selective ion transport and sustained ion-to-electron current conversion at low RH by integrating an ion-exchange membrane (IEM-MEG).

Impaired Vigilance in Patients with Narcolepsy Type 1: A Psychomotor Vigilance Task Study.

Purpose: The psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) is one of the main methods to measure sustained vigilance/attention in sleep research. Vigilance is the main factor affecting daytime function in patients with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1). We aimed to quantify the negative effects of sleep-wake disorders on vigilance and investigate potential neural mechanisms.

CT Radiomics Features of Abdominal Adipose and Muscle Tissues Can Predict the Postoperative Early Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Rationale And Objectives: To investigate the potential of computed tomography radiomics features extracted from abdominal adipose and muscle in predicting early recurrence (ER) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after surgery.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 252 patients with HCC who underwent curative resection from two independent institutions. In the training cohort of 178 patients from institution A, radiomics signatures extracted from abdominal visceral adipose, subcutaneous adipose, and muscle were applied to establish the radiomics score using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression.

Anti-inflammatory effects of 1,7-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyxanthone through inhibition of M1-phenotype macrophages via arginine/mitochondrial axis.

It is known that 1,7-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyxanthone (XAN), derived from Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk., exhibits anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities and inhibits M1 polarization of macrophages. However, its ability to alleviate inflammation induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines in THP-1 cells and its anti-inflammatory mechanisms remain unclear.

Prone positioning does not improve outcomes of intubated patients with pneumocystis pneumonia and moderate-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome: a single-center, retrospective, observational, cohort study.

Background: Pneumocystis pneumonia is an uncommon precipitant of acute respiratory distress syndrome and is associated with high mortality. Prone positioning ventilation has been proven to reduce mortality in patients with moderate-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. We investigated the effect of prone positioning on oxygenation and mortality in intubated patients with pneumocystis pneumonia comorbid with moderate-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Advances in Metabolic Regulation of Macrophage Polarization State.

Macrophages are significant immune-related cells that are essential for tissue growth, homeostasis maintenance, pathogen resistance, and damage healing. The studies on the metabolic control of macrophage polarization state in recent years and the influence of polarization status on the development and incidence of associated disorders are expounded upon in this article. Firstly, we reviewed the origin and classification of macrophages, with particular attention paid to how the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the three primary metabolites affect macrophage polarization.

Development and Validation of Prediction Models for Exacerbation, Frequent Exacerbations and Severe Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Registry Study in North China.

In COPD patients, exacerbation has a detrimental influence on the quality of life, disease progression and socioeconomic burden. This study aimed to develop and validate models to predict exacerbation, frequent exacerbations and severe exacerbations in COPD patients. We conducted an observational prospective multicenter study.

Characterising baseflow signature variability in the Yellow River Basin.

Baseflow is pivotal in maintaining catchment ecological health and improving sustainable economic development. The Yellow River Basin (YRB) is northern China's most important water supplier. However, it faces water shortage due to synergistic effects between natural conditions and anthropogenic activities.

Comparison of actual performance in humidification among different high-flow nasal cannula devices: a bench study.

Background: The physiological effects of HFNC devices are closely related to temperature and humidity. HFNC devices from different manufacturers may have varied performances. It is unclear whether there are differences in the humidification performance of different HFNC devices and the degree of differences.

[Research progress of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease].

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic nonspecific inflammatory disease of the intestine, with unknown etiology and the incidence is increasing year by year. Traditional treatment has limited effect. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) are a group of nano-sized extracellular vesicles.

Gender differences in clinical characteristics of patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in different age groups in northern China.

Introduction: Patient gender has clinical and prognostic implications in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, yet the potential effect of gender on clinical characteristics of patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is still unclear.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the gender differences in clinical characteristics of patients with bronchiectasis in different age groups in northern China.

Methods: A total of 777 patients diagnosed with bronchiectasis were retrospectively included in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital and divided into two groups by gender: the male group and the female group.

Arctigenin mitigates insulin resistance by modulating the IRS2/GLUT4 pathway via TLR4 in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice.

Arctigenin (AR), extracted from Arctium lappa L. (Burdock), is a folk herbal medicine used to treat diabetes. However, its mechanism of action has remained elusive.

Xanthones from Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk. attenuate collagen-induced arthritis in rats by inhibiting the nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase/glycolysis pathway and macrophage polarization.

Securidaca inappendiculata (SI) Hassk. is a traditional medicine used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Recent studies have reported that macrophages are the primary regulators of joint homeostasis and their polarization is closely related to their metabolic mode.

Development of a deep learning-based method to diagnose pulmonary ground-glass nodules by sequential computed tomography imaging.

Background: Early identification of the malignant propensity of pulmonary ground-glass nodules (GGNs) can relieve the pressure from tracking lesions and personalized treatment adaptation. The purpose of this study was to develop a deep learning-based method using sequential computed tomography (CT) imaging for diagnosing pulmonary GGNs.

Methods: This diagnostic study retrospectively enrolled 762 patients with GGNs from West China Hospital of Sichuan University between July 2009 and March 2019.

Burdock Fructooligosaccharide Attenuates High Glucose-Induced Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress Injury in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells.

Hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress injury are thought to play important roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Attenuating high glucose (HG)-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury has become a potential approach to ameliorate DN. In recent years, burdock fructooligosaccharide (BFO), a water-soluble inulin-type fructooligosaccharide extracted from burdock root, has been shown to have a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and hypolipidemic activities.

Comparison of Actual Performance in the Flow and Fraction of Inspired O among Different High-Flow Nasal Cannula Devices: A Bench Study.

Background: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy has been recommended for use in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with acute respiratory failure and many other clinical conditions. HFNC devices produced by different manufacturers may have varied performance. Whether there is a difference in these devices and the extent of the differences in performance remain unknown.

Hydrological projections in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River Basin from 2020 to 2050.

Understanding the impact of climate change on runoff is essential for effective water resource management and planning. In this study, the regional climate model (RCM) RegCM4.5 was used to dynamically downscale near-future climate projections from two global climate models to a 50-km horizontal resolution over the upper reaches of the Yangtze River (UYRB).

Arctiin Antagonizes Triptolide-Induced Hepatotoxicity via Activation of Nrf2 Pathway.

Triptolide (TP) is the most effective ingredient found in the traditional Chinese herbal Hook F, and it is widely used in therapies of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. However, the hepatotoxicity induced by TP has restricted its use in clinical trials. Arctiin is known as a protective agent against oxidative stress, and it exerts liver-protecting effect.

[Arctiin antagonizes triptolide-induced renal toxicity in rats via anti-inflammatory pathway].

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of arctiin with anti-inflammatory bioactivity against triptolide-induced nephrotoxicity in rats and explore the underlying mechanism.

Methods: Forty SD rats were divided into 4 groups for gastric lavage of normal saline, arctiin (500 mg/kg), triptolide (500 μg/kg), or both arctiin (500 mg/kg) and triptolide (500 μg/kg). Blood samples were collected for analysis of biochemical renal parameters, and the renal tissues were harvested for determining the kidney index and for pathological evaluation with HE staining.

[Preparation and antitumor activity of sulfated exopolysaccharide from ].

Objective: To explore the effect of the composition ratio on substitution of sulfate group in sulfated exopolysaccharide (EPS) from and how sulfate modification affects the anti-tumor activity of EPS.

Methods: We used a chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method to modify EPS and analyzed the effect of esterification ratio on the degree of sulfate substitution using barium chloride turbidimetry. The sulfate groups binding with EPS were analyzed with infrared spectrum analysis.