Predicting Surgical and Non-surgical Curvature Correction by Radiographic Spinal Flexibility Assessments for Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Study Design: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to: (1) synthesize the prevalent application ratios of 2 radiographic spinal flexibility assessment methods in AIS patients treated with PSF or bracing; and (2) quantitatively evaluate the accuracy of these methods in predicting post-intervention correction outcomes.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted across 5 electronic databases: CINAHL, Embase, Ovid, PubMed, and Web of Science.

Older Fallers' Comprehensive Neuromuscular and Kinematic Alterations in Reactive Balance Control: Indicators of Balance Decline or Compensation? A Pilot Study.

: Falls and fall consequences in older adults are global health issues. Previous studies have compared postural sways or stepping strategies between older adults with and without fall histories to identify factors associated with falls. However, more in-depth neuromuscular/kinematic mechanisms have remained unclear.

Chinese power structure in 2050 considering energy storage and demand response under high renewable power penetration ratio.

Energy storage and demand response offer critical flexibility to support the integration of intermittent renewable energy and ensure the stable operation of the power system. Using the ERA5 dataset and hourly power load data, this study develops an hourly-based dynamic optimization model to assess the roles of energy storage and demand response in Chinese (2050) power structure under high renewable energy penetration. The results revea; that: (1) Energy storage and demand response significantly contribute to reducing power transition cost, carbon emission, and power curtailment.

Digitalized 3D Spinal Decompression and Correction Device Improved Initial Brace Corrections and Patients' Comfort Among Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Single-Centre, Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a novel three-dimensional (3D) spinal decompression and correction device in improving the in-brace correction and patient comfort level for adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), and to assess the impact of the number of vertebrae involved in the scoliotic curve on the correction's effectiveness. A single-centre, single-blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted in 110 AIS patients aged 10-18 years who were randomly allocated into four groups receiving 0-3 days of device intervention. Each session lasted for 30 min and was conducted twice daily.

The Biomechanics of Spinal Orthoses for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Systematic Review of the Controlling Forces.

Background: Orthotic treatment is a well-acknowledged conservative treatment for moderate adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The efficacy of this treatment is significantly determined by the forces applied to the bodies of patients. However, there is uncertainty regarding the optimal force levels that should be applied to the patient's torso by spinal orthosis.

Global emissions of polychlorinated naphthalenes from 1912 to 2050.

Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) are persistent organic compounds that are regulated by the Stockholm Convention. Here, we estimate historical emissions from PCN production and use (1912-1987) and unintentional emissions from 20 categories (2000-2020). A random forest regression model projects emissions for 2020-2050.

Effect of Ankle-Foot Orthosis on Paretic Gastrocnemius and Tibialis Anterior Muscle Contraction of Stroke Survivors During Walking: A Pilot Study.

Ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) have been commonly prescribed for stroke survivors with foot drop, but their impact on the contractions of paretic tibialis anterior (TA) and medial gastrocnemius (MG) has remained inconclusive. This study thus investigated the effect of AFOs on these muscle contractions in stroke survivors. The contractions of paretic TA and MG muscles were assessed in twenty stroke patients and compared between walking with and without AFOs, using a novel wearable dynamic ultrasound imaging and sensing system.

Understanding a Third-Party Communicative Situation in Korean-Learning Infants.

The present study tested 14-month-old monolingual infants (N = 64, 52% female, 75% Korean, and 25% American) in a looking-time task adapted from previous referent identification research. In three experiments, Korean-learning infants watched a speaker, who could only see one of two identical balls, ask a recipient, "gong jom jul-lae?" ("Will you give me Ø ball?" because Korean lacks an article system). They expected the recipient to reach for the ball visible to the speaker, but not the one hidden from her, only when the speaker was introduced separately to facilitate perspective-taking.

A hybrid BWM-CRITIC-VIKOR approach for assessing oil and gas risk scenarios in probabilistic linguistic term set.

The oil and gas industry plays a crucial role in supporting energy supply and economic development. Mitigating risks in oil and gas projects is essential for reducing decision-making uncertainties, optimizing resource allocation, and fostering the competitiveness and sustainable growth of enterprises. Therefore, evaluating decision-making risks in the oil and gas sector is of significant practical importance.

The Cognitive Architecture of Infant Attachment.

Meta-analytic evidence indicates that the quality of the attachment relationship that infants establish with their primary caregiver has enduring significance for socioemotional and cognitive outcomes. However, the mechanisms by which early attachment experiences contribute to subsequent development remain underspecified. According to attachment theory, early attachment experiences become embodied in the form of cognitive-affective representations, referred to as internal working models (IWMs), that guide future behavior.

Accelerating urban energy transitions: Harnessing EEET framework dynamics for sustainable development in resource-based cities of Sichuan Basin, China.

This study examines managing urban energy systems in the Sichuan Basin, considering natural gas production. An integrated approach assessed the economy, energy, ecology, and technology (EEET) connections. The study identifies systemic issues and significant differences across locations and emphasizes the interdependent nature of economic expansion, energy innovations, and environmental commitment.

Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Activity Evaluation of Natural Derived Phloroglucinol Derivatives and Their Molecular Mechanisms Study.

HSV-1 is a common infection that can cause cold sores. In this study, the anti-HSV-1 virus activity of three series compounds A1-A9, B1-B12, C1-C22 was screened by MTT assay, qRT-PCR assay, Western blot assay and viruses' plaque assays. The results of MTT assay disclosed that phloroglucinol derivatives C2 and C3 effectively inhibited the death of HSV-1 infected vero cells with the CC values of C2 and C3 were 72.

Young infants' expectations about a self-propelled agent's body.

What intuitive biological understandings do infants have? Recent work reports that 8-month-olds seem to identify self-propelled agents as animals and expect them to have a closed body. The present study examined a group of 6.5-month-old infants' (N = 50, 52% female, 84% White) biological expectations.

Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in indoor/outdoor window films and the indoor film/air partition of northeastern Chinese college dormitories.

Indoor window films can represent short-term air pollution conditions of indoor environment through rapidly capturing organic contaminants as effective passive air samplers. To investigate the temporal variation, influence factors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor window films, and the exchange behavior with gas phase in college dormitories, 42 pairs window films of interior and exterior window surfaces and corresponding indoor gas phase and dust samples were collected monthly in six selected dormitories, Harbin, China, from August to December 2019 and September 2020. The average concentration of ∑PAHs in indoor window films (398 ng/m) was significantly (p < 0.

Understanding preferences in infancy.

A preference is defined as a dispositional state that helps explain why a person chooses one option over another. Preference understanding is a significant part of interpreting and predicting others' behavior, which can also help to guide social encounters, for instance, to initiate interactions and even form relationships based on shared preferences. Cognitive developmental research in the past several decades has revealed that infants have relatively sophisticated understandings about others' preferences, as part of investigations into how young children make sense of others' behavior in terms of mental states such as intentions, dispositions including preferences, and epistemic states.

Infants' selective imitation of a transitive agent and an intransitive agent.

This study examined how the reliability (i.e., transitivity) of an agent's object choices affects 16-month-old infants' (N = 48) imitation of her unconventional way of turning on a touch light box with her head when her hands were available.

Identifification of a novel LDLR-RET Fusion in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Background: REarranged during Transfection (RET) gene fusion is one of the common oncogenic variants detectable in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The feature of most oncogenic RET gene fusion cases is that RET tyrosine kinase domain is retained in fusions and the partner gene includes a coiled-coil or LIS1 homology domain. However, only a few studies reported about the exceptional form of RET fusion in NSCLC so far.

Infant expectations of instant or delayed gratification.

Choices between immediate gratification and long-term (but larger) gains are prevalent in human life, which is why the decision-making processes to delay gratification have been studied extensively throughout different developmental ages. Children's delay-of-gratification behaviors have been examined in the well-known "marshmallow test," in which 3- to 5-year-olds are given a marshmallow and told by an experimenter that they can eat it immediately or wait for an unspecified duration of time (which can be capped at 15 min) until the experimenter returns so that they can receive another marshmallow. Children's wait time has been viewed as a good indicator of their later development.

Trust in early childhood.

Children need to build trust in their primary caregivers or significant others, as well as people who are unrelated to them, including those who belong to different social groups. The present chapter focuses on children's trust in unfamiliar individuals. How do they determine who to trust? Does putting trust in another person operate differently depending on the specific issue at hand? To address these questions, we differentiate between two forms of trust: children's trust in others' epistemic states to learn from others (epistemic trust) and trusting others for social support and reassurance (social trust), for example, when to expect that interaction partners will be truthful and keep promises.

How do 3-month-old infants attribute preferences to a human agent?

The current study showed that 3-month-old infants attributed a preference to a human agent, with her face and upper body visible, when she consistently reached for and grasped one of two objects with her bare hand. In contrast, infants did not appear to interpret the agent's same actions of grasping the object as indicative of her preference when it was the only object present or when it hid the other object from her but not from the infants. These results suggest that even from an early age, infants interpret human agents' actions in terms of mental states such as goals and preferences.

Infants' understanding of the definite/indefinite article in a third-party communicative situation.

The present study examines how infants use their emergent perspective-taking and language comprehension abilities to make sense of interactions between two human agents. In the study, one agent (Agent1) could see only one of two identical balls on an apparatus because of a screen obstructing her view while the infant and another agent (Agent2) could see both balls. 19-month-old English-learning monolingual infants seemed to expect Agent2 to grasp the ball visible to Agent1 when she said to Agent2 "Give me the ball" but not when she said "Give me a ball.

Infants' Understanding of Preferences When Agents Make Inconsistent Choices.

This study showed that 8.5-month-old infants seemed to consider the consistency of an agent's choices in attributing preferences to her. When the agent consistently chose one object over another, three or four times consecutively, infants acted as if they had interpreted her actions as evidence for her preference.

Is it a Container? Young Infants' Understanding of Containment Events.

The present research examined how certain features of a box affected 4.5-month-old infants' interpretation of containment events the box was involved in. If the box was a regular container, infants did not respond with increased attention when a tall cylinder became fully hidden after being lowered inside the box, consistent with previous research.