A non-pharmacological multidomain intervention of dual-task exercise and social activity affects the cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults with mild to moderate cognitive decline: A randomized controlled trial.

The present study aimed to determine the impact of a 10-month multidomain program using dual-task exercise and social activity conducted at a community-based facility on improved cognitive function in older adults with mild to moderate cognitive decline. The participants included 280 community-dwelling older adults (age 71-91 years) with mild to moderate cognitive decline. The intervention group exercised for 90 min/day, once a week.

Developing an assessment based on physical fitness age to evaluate motor function in frail and healthy elderly women.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify a method for assessing physical fitness age that is easy to use with both frail and healthy elderly women and to examine its validity.

Methods: Principal component analysis was used to develop a formula of physical fitness age from four motor function variables. The subjects comprised 688 (75.

Distance from public transportation and physical activity in Japanese older adults: The moderating role of driving status.

Objective: Although previous studies have shown that good access to public transportation is positively related with physical activity, the moderators of this relationship have not been explored sufficiently in older adults. It is possible that driving status could moderate this relationship. The present study examined whether the objectively measured distance between public transportation and the home was associated with physical activity levels, and whether this association was moderated by driving status among Japanese older adults.

Distance to screening site and older adults' participation in cognitive impairment screening.

Aim: To develop intervention strategies that promote screening for cognitive impairment, it is essential to identify the modifiable predictors for participation in screening. The present study aimed to examine whether a shorter distance to the screening site predicted participation in screening for cognitive impairment, and whether interactive effects of the distance and psychological factors on the participation would be observed among community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: The study used a prospective design.

Expectation for Physical Activity to Minimize Dementia Risk and Physical Activity Level Among Older Adults.

This study aimed to examine whether the expectation for physical activity to minimize dementia risk was associated with physical activity level and whether this association was moderated by perceived high value of dementia prevention among older adults. Participants (n = 2,824) completed questionnaires and wore accelerometers to measure their average daily steps and levels of physical activity. The expectation for physical activity to minimize dementia risk, perceived value of dementia prevention, and potential covariates (expectation of other desirable outcomes, demographics, and health-related factors) were also measured.

Age-dependent changes in physical performance and body composition in community-dwelling Japanese older adults.

Background: The aim of this study was to describe the age-dependent changes in the parameters of physical performance and body composition in Japanese older adults who are independently dwelling in the community. We also examined whether the age-dependent changes differ among physical performance and body composition parameters.

Methods: Cross-sectional data from 10 092 community-dwelling older adults (mean age 73.

Association between body composition parameters and risk of mild cognitive impairment in older Japanese adults.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between various body composition parameters and the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older Japanese adults, as well as potential sex-related differences in the risk of MCI.

Methods: Participants underwent cognitive tests, and were divided into 840 participants with MCI (mean age 71.9 ± 5.

Joint Association of Neighborhood Environment and Fear of Falling on Physical Activity Among Frail Older Adults.

This study examined associations between perceived neighborhood environment and physical activity among frail older adults and whether these associations are moderated by fear of falling. Participants were 238 frail older adults. Daily step counts and duration of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were measured using an accelerometer.

Psychological predictors of participation in screening for cognitive impairment among community-dwelling older adults.

Aim: Detecting cognitive impairment in the earlier stages is important for preventing or delaying dementia. To develop intervention strategies that promote screening for cognitive impairment, it is essential to identify the modifiable predictors for participation in screening. The present study examined whether participation in screening for cognitive impairment was predicted by the constructs of the health belief model, dementia worry and behavioral intentions to undergo screening among older adults.

Association between sedentary time and kidney function in community-dwelling elderly Japanese people.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between sedentary time and declines in kidney function among community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: Participants comprised 10 242 community-dwelling older adults who were participating in the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology - Study of Geriatric Syndromes. Sedentary time was determined by asking participants to record the total amount of hours usually spent sitting each day, with values divided into quartiles of 0 to <4 h (reference), 4 to <6 h, 6 to <8 h and ≥8 h of sitting time per day.

Self-reported exhaustion associated with physical activity among older adults.

Aim: Self-reported exhaustion (SE) is a clinical complaint that is associated with a wide range of chronic diseases. However, the association of SE with physical activity, physical function or cognitive function among the older adult Japanese population is unclear. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of SE, as well as whether physical function, cognitive function and physical activity were significant covariates.

Cigarette smoking and cognitive health in elderly Japanese.

Objective: To examine the relationships between smoking status and various domains of cognitive function in community-dwelling elderly subjects.

Methods: Participants (N = 4348) were asked about smoking status, demographic variables, and lifestyle factors, and underwent multidimensional neurocognitive tests.

Results: All analyses were conducted separately by sex.

The association between kidney function and cognitive decline in community-dwelling, elderly Japanese people.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults without dementia.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: Obu Study of Health Promotion for the Elderly in Japan.

Going outdoors and cognitive function among community-dwelling older adults: Moderating role of physical function.

Aims: Identifying the risk factors of cognitive impairment is essential for implementing effective prevention strategies for dementia. Previous studies have shown that the frequency of going outdoors is inversely associated with cognitive decline. Little research has examined whether the relationship between going outdoors and cognitive decline varies with physical functioning in older adults.

Physical frailty predicts incident depressive symptoms in elderly people: prospective findings from the Obu Study of Health Promotion for the Elderly.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether frailty is an important and independent predictor of incident depressive symptoms in elderly people without depressive symptoms at baseline.

Design: Fifteen-month prospective study.

Setting: General community in Japan.

A large, cross-sectional observational study of serum BDNF, cognitive function, and mild cognitive impairment in the elderly.

Objective: The clinical relationship between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cognitive function or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is not well-understood. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between serum BDNF and cognitive function and MCI, and determine whether serum BDNF level might be a useful biomarker for assessing risk for MCI in older people.

Materials And Methods: A total of 4463 individuals aged 65 years or older (mean age 72 years) participating in the study.

Cognitive function and gait speed under normal and dual-task walking among older adults with mild cognitive impairment.

Background: Gait ability and cognitive function are interrelated during both normal walking (NW) and dual-task walking (DTW), and gait ability is thus adversely affected by cognitive impairment in both situations. However, this association is insufficiently understood in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Here, we conducted a study with MCI participants, to examine whether the association depends on walking conditions and MCI subtypes.

Effects of mild and global cognitive impairment on the prevalence of fear of falling in community-dwelling older adults.

Objectives: Few studies have reported the relationship between fear of falling (FoF) and mild and global cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults. We aimed to determine whether the status of cognitive impairment affects the prevalence of FoF in community-dwelling older adults.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study among 4474 community-dwelling older adults who participated in the Obu Study of Health Promotion for the Elderly.

The combined status of physical performance and depressive symptoms is strongly associated with a history of falling in community-dwelling elderly: cross-sectional findings from the Obu Study of Health Promotion for the Elderly (OSHPE).

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the combined factors of physical performance, depressive symptoms and cognitive status are significantly associated with a history of falling in community-dwelling elderly. We performed a cross-sectional community-based survey, the OSHPE, from August 2011 to February 2012. In total, 5104 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older (mean age 72.

Development of an equation for estimating appendicular skeletal muscle mass in Japanese older adults using bioelectrical impedance analysis.

Aim: Bioelectrical impedance analysis has been reported to have high reliability and accuracy in assessing body composition. However, equations for estimating appendicular skeletal muscle mass are population-specific, and few have been developed for older Japanese adults. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to develop and validate an estimate equation for appendicular skeletal muscle mass using bioelectrical impedance analysis.

Using two different algorithms to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia.

Aim: Several operative definitions and screening methods for sarcopenia have been proposed in previous studies; however, the opinions of researchers still differ. We compared the prevalence of sarcopenia using two different algorithms: (i) the European working group on sarcopenia in older people (EWGSOP)-suggested algorithm using gait speed as the first step; and (ii) the muscle mass and strength algorithm.

Methods: A population-based, cross-sectional survey of adults aged over 65 years was carried out.

Cognitive activities and instrumental activity of daily living in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.

Aims: This study aimed to identify differences in the implementation of cognitive activities and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) between healthy individuals and subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods: The study included 2,498 cognitively healthy subjects (mean age, 71.2 ± 5.

Combined prevalence of frailty and mild cognitive impairment in a population of elderly Japanese people.

Objective: Preventive strategies for frailty and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are important for avoiding future functional decline and dementia in older adults. The purpose of this study was to use a population-based survey to ascertain the single and combined prevalence of frailty and MCI and to identify the relationships between frailty and MCI in older Japanese adults.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Performance-based assessments and demand for personal care in older Japanese people: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To identify appropriate clinical tests for determining the demand for personal care in older Japanese people.

Design: Cross-sectional observation study.

Setting: Obu Study of Health Promotion for the Elderly (Obu, Aichi) and Tsukui Ordered Useful Care for Health (241 day-care centres) cohorts in Japan.

Cognitive function affects trainability for physical performance in exercise intervention among older adults with mild cognitive impairment.

Background: Although much evidence supports the hypothesis that cognitive function and physical function are interrelated, it is unclear whether cognitive decline with mild cognitive impairment influences trainability of physical performance in exercise intervention. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between cognitive function at baseline and change in physical performance after exercise intervention in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.

Methods: Forty-four older adults diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment based on the Peterson criteria (mean age 74.