The adsorption mechanism and optimal dosage of walnut shell biochar for chloramphenicol.

Biochar derived from biomass pyrolysis has proven to be an excellent material for pesticide adsorption and can be used as soil amendment for pesticide non-point pollution. However, the adsorption and desorption mechanisms for certain biochar and pesticide are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the properties of biochar derived from walnut (Juglans regia L.

Improving Targeted Delivery and Antitumor Efficacy of TRAIL through Fusion with a B7H3-Antagonistic Affibody.

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is an attractive candidate for anticancer therapeutics due to its efficient pro-apoptotic activity against tumor cells and its well-tolerated safety profile. However, the in vivo antitumor efficacy of TRAIL is often limited by its poor tumor targeting capacity. Nowadays, the B7 homologue 3 (B7-H3) immune checkpoint has emerged as a promising target for tumor immunotherapy and drug delivery.

Production of Value-Added Arabinofuranosyl Nucleotide Analogues from Nucleoside by an In Vitro Enzymatic Synthetic Biosystem.

Arabinofuranosyl nucleotide analogue (arabinoside) and the derived compounds, a family of nucleoside analogues, exhibit diverse, typically biological activities and are widely used as antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor drugs in both clinical and preclinical trials. Despite their long and rich history in medicinal chemistry, the biosynthesis of arabinoside has only been sporadically designed and studied and has remained a challenging task. In this study, an in vitro synthetic enzymatic biosystem was designed and constructed for the production of arabinoside from low-cost nucleoside, based on a phosphorolysis -isomerization-dephosphorylation enzymatic cascade conversion routes.

Biochemical Characterization of an Arabinoside Monophosphate Specific 5'-Nucleotidase-like Enzyme from .

To investigate the function of the gene in the pentostatin and vidarabine (Ara-A) biosynthetic gene cluster in NRRL 3238, PenF was recombinantly expressed and characterized. Enzymatic characterization of the enzyme demonstrated that PenF exhibited metal-dependent nucleoside 5'-monophosphatase activity, showing a substrate preference for arabinose nucleoside 5'-monophosphate over 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate and ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate. Metal ions such as Mg and Mn significantly enhanced enzyme activity, whereas Zn, Cu, and Ca inhibited it.

Insights into the characteristics and toxicity of microalgal biochar-derived dissolved organic matter by spectroscopy and machine learning.

Microalgal biochar has potential applications in various fields; however, there is limited research on the properties and risks of microalgal biochar-derived dissolved organic matter (MBDOM). This study examined how different pyrolysis temperatures (200 °C and 500 °C) and extraction solutions (0.1 mol/L HCl, Milli-Q water, and 0.

Biosynthesis of Arabinoside from Sucrose and Nucleobase via a Novel Multi-Enzymatic Cascade.

Arabinoside and derived nucleoside analogs, a family of nucleoside analogs, exhibit diverse typically biological activities and are widely used as antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and other drugs in clinical and preclinical trials. Although with a long and rich history in the field of medicinal chemistry, the biosynthesis of arabinoside has only been sporadically designed and studied, and it remains a challenge. Here, we constructed an in vitro multi-enzymatic cascade for the biosynthesis of arabinosides.

[Effects of Long-term Biochar Addition on Denitrification NO Emissions from Bacteria and Fungi in Paddy Soil].

Denitrification driven by bacteria and fungi is the main source of nitrous oxide （NO） emissions from paddy soil. It is generally believed that biochar reduces NO emissions by influencing the bacterial denitrification process, but the relevant mechanism of its impact on fungal denitrification is still unclear. In this study, the long-term straw carbonization returning experimental field in Changshu Agricultural Ecological Experimental Base of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was taken as the object.

A predictive model to explore risk factors for severe COVID-19.

With the rapid spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), a sustained global pandemic has emerged. Globally, the cumulative death toll is in the millions. The rising number of COVID-19 infections and deaths has severely impacted the lives of people worldwide, healthcare systems, and economic development.

Biomarker of severity in hospitalised patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study.

Background: The novel COVID-19 was rapidly spreading and was highly contagious. COVID-19 caused over 6 million deaths worldwide, with high mortality rates, particularly in severe cases.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether serum albumin-neutrophil count to lymphocyte count ratio (NLR) score (ANS) could be used as a prognostic indicator of COVID-19 severity.

Unraveling how Fe-Mn modified biochar mitigates sulfamonomethoxine in soil water: The activated biodegradation and hydroxyl radicals formation.

This study indicated that the application of a novel Fe-Mn modified rice straw biochar (Fe/Mn-RS) as soil amendment facilitated the removal of sulfamonomethoxine (SMM) in soil water microcosms, primarily via activating degradation mechanism rather than adsorption. The similar enhancement on SMM removal did not occur using rice straw biochar (RS). Comparison of Fe/Mn-RS with RS showed that Fe/Mn-RS gains new physic-chemical properties such as abundant oxygenated C-centered persistent free radicals (PFRs).

Attenuation of Epileptogenesis and Cognitive Deficits by a Selective and Potent Kv7 Channel Opener in Rodent Models of Seizures.

Targeting neuronal Kv7 channels by pharmacological activation has been proven to be an attractive therapeutic strategy for epilepsy. Here, we show that activation of Kv7 channels by an opener SCR2682 dose-dependently reduces seizure activity and severity in rodent models of epilepsy induced by a GABAa receptor antagonist pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), maximal electroshock, and a glutamate receptor agonist kainic acid (KA). Electroencephalographic recordings of rat cerebral cortex confirm that SCR2682 also decreases epileptiform discharges in KA-induced seizures.

Deciphering physicochemical properties and enhanced microbial electron transfer capacity by magnetic biochar.

Magnetic biochar is important for improving the electron transfer capacity (ETC) of microorganisms in wastewater treatment. In this study, three magnetic biochar under different pyrolysis temperatures (300, 500 and 700 °C) were prepared by co-precipitation, and their characteristics and impacts on mediating microbial ETC were investigated. Results indicated that magnetic biochar had a higher capacitance and conductivity than pyrolytic biochar, with the largest specific capacitance of 14.

p53/sirtuin 1/NF-κB Signaling Axis in Chronic Inflammation and Maladaptive Kidney Repair After Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity.

Chronic inflammation contributes to maladaptive kidney repair, but its regulation is unclear. Here, we report that sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is downregulated after repeated low-dose cisplatin (RLDC) injury, and this downregulation leads to p65 acetylation and consequent NF-κB activation resulting in a persistent inflammatory response. RLDC induced the down-regulation of SIRT1 and activation of NF-κB, which were accompanied by chronic tubular damage, tubulointerstitial inflammation, and fibrosis in mice.

Radiofrequency thermocoagulation combined with doxorubicin injection for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia mandibular branch.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical application value of 3D printed template-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation combined with doxorubicin injection for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia mandibular branch.

Methods: A total of 50 patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia mandibular branch in the hospital from January 2019 to September 2020 were randomly divided into two groups: 3D printed template-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation combined with doxorubicin injection was used as the research group (=25), and 3D printed template guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation was used as the control group (=25). Comparative analysis of visual analogue score (VAS) was conducted before and immediately after surgery and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery.

A phosphite-based screening platform for identification of enzymes favoring nonnatural cofactors.

Enzymes with dedicated cofactor preference are essential for advanced biocatalysis and biomanufacturing, especially when employing nonnatural nicotinamide cofactors in redox reactions. However, directed evolution of an enzyme to switch its cofactor preference is often hindered by the lack of efficient and affordable method for screening as the cofactor per se or the substrate can be prohibitively expensive. Here, we developed a growth-based selection platform to identify nonnatural cofactor-dependent oxidoreductase mutants.

Afterglow-Suppressed LuO:Eu Nanoscintillators for High-Resolution and Dynamic Digital Radiographic Imaging.

LuEuO nanoscintillators ( = 0.005, 0.01, 0.

[Effects of biochar combined with nitrification/urease inhibitors on soil active nitrogen emissions from subtropical paddy soils].

We examined the effects of biochar and urease inhibitors/nitrification inhibitors on nitrification process, ammonia and NO emission in subtropical soil, and determined the best combination of biochar with nitrification and urease inhibitors. This work could provide a theoretical basis for the mitigation of the negative environmental risk caused by reactive nitrogen gas in the application of nitrogen fertilizer. A indoor aerobic culture test was conducted with seven treatments [urea+biochar (NB), urea+nitrification inhibitor (N+NI), urea+urease inhibitor (N+UI), urea+nitrification inhibitor+urease inhibitor (N+NIUI), urea+nitrification inhibitor+biochar (NB+NI), urea+urease inhibitor+biochar (NB+UI), urea+nitrification inhibitor+urease inhibitor+biochar (NB+NIUI)] and urea (N) as the control.

The Molecular Mechanism of Propylene Glycol Monocaprylate on Skin Retention: Probing the Dual Roles on the Molecular Mobility and Collagen Connection in Roflumilast Cream.

The present work was to construct a roflumilast (ROF) cream for the treatment of psoriasis and clarify the dual roles of propylene glycol monocaprylate (PGM) in both molecular mobility of the cream, and drug-skin miscibility via drug-PGM-ceramide and drug-PGM-collagen intermolecular interaction. The cream formulation was screened through the stability study and in vitro skin administration study, optimized by Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken design, and finally verified by the in vivo tissue distribution study. PGM demonstrated a significant drug skin retention enhancement effect (R = 19.

Photothermal conversion performance and acid-induced aggregation of PLNP-BiS composite nanoplatforms.

Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) molecule modified PLNP-BiS composite nanoplatforms were constructed by using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) modified BiS nanoparticles (∼4.6 nm) as a photothermal agent and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) coated ZnGaGeO:Cr (ZGGO:Cr@CTAB) persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) through electrostatic adsorption. It is found that the above composite nanoplatforms have excellent laser-irradiation thermal stability and good photothermal conversion performance.

Engineering Formaldehyde Dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas putida to Favor Nicotinamide Cytosine Dinucleotide.

The enzyme formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FalDH) from Pseudomonas putida is of particular interest for biotechnological applications as it catalyzes the oxidation of formaldehyde independent of glutathione. However, the consumption of a stoichiometric amount of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) can be challenging at the metabolic level as this may affect many other NAD-linked processes. A potential solution is to engineer FalDH to utilize non-natural cofactors.

Biochar mitigated more N-related global warming potential in rice season than that in wheat season: An investigation from ten-year biochar-amended rice-wheat cropping system of China.

Rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS), the major rice-based cropping system, constitutes a significant source of N-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emission due to the unique wet-dry alternation process. Biochar is often highlighted as a potential solution for reducing fertilizer N losses, hence, understanding its effects on Ngr emissions (mainly NH and NO) under wet-dry conditions is critical to inform strategies for GHG mitigation. This study investigated the responses of NH and NO emissions to biochar amendments during rice and wheat seasons based on in situ measurements under ten-year successive straw biochar application in RWCS.

Effect of the combination of permeation enhancer and ion-pairs strategies on transdermal delivery of tofacitinib.

The aim of the present study was to develop a tofacitinib (TOF) transdermal patch by the combination of ion-pairs and chemical permeation enhancer strategies. And a theory of controlled release of chemical permeation enhancers by counterion was proposed on the basis of in vitro skin permeation and skin retention study. Through the in vitro skin permeation study, the formulation factors such as counterion, pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA), drug loading and patch thickness were investigated, and the optimized patch (6.

Manipulating fatty-acid profile at unit chain-length resolution in the model industrial oleaginous microalgae Nannochloropsis.

The chain length (CL) of fatty acids (FAs) is pivotal to oil property, yet to what extent it can be customized in industrial oleaginous microalgae is unknown. In Nannochloropsis oceanica, to modulate long-chain FAs (LCFAs), we first discovered a fungi/bacteria-originated polyketide synthase (PKS) system which involves a cytoplasmic acyl-ACP thioesterase (NoTE1). NoTE1 hydrolyzes C16:0-, C16:1- and C18:1-ACP in vitro and thus intercepts the specific acyl-ACPs elongated by PKS for polyunsaturated FA biosynthesis, resulting in elevation of C16/C18 monounsaturated FAs when overproduced and increase of C20 when knocked out.

Structural Insights into Malic Enzyme Variants Favoring an Unnatural Redox Cofactor.

The use of nicotinamide cytosine dinucleotide (NCD), a biocompatible nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD) analogue, is of great scientific and biotechnological interest. Several redox enzymes have been devised to favor NCD, and have been successfully applied in creating NCD-dependent redox systems. However, molecular interactions between cofactor and protein have still to be disclosed in order to guide further engineering efforts.