Dental Caries and Associated Factors in Tibetan School-Age Children in Gannan, China.

Objectives: Data on the oral health status in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are limited. This study aimed to investigate the dental caries status and identify associated risk factors among 8- to 12-year-old children in Gannan, a Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Northwest China.

Methods: The study population was recruited using a multistage stratified random sampling procedure.

Clinical Grade Fibroin Sutures with Bioactive Gold Clusters Enhance Surgical Wound Healing via Inflammation Modulation.

Silk sutures are common in surgeries, and silk-based textiles are widely used in clinical medicine on account of their great mechanical properties and biodegradability. However, due to the lack of biocatalytic activity, silk sutures show unsatisfactory anti-inflammatory properties and healing speed. To address this constraint, we construct clinical grade bioactive gold cluster-sutures through a heterojunction.

Biocatalytic Clusterzyme Patches Restore Lung Function via Immunomodulation and Mitochondria Protection.

Currently, pulmonary complications such as lung infections during the perioperative period are still the main cause of prolonged hospitalization and death in patients with lung injury due to the lack of effective drugs. Clusterzyme, a kind of artificial enzyme with a high enzyme-like activity and safety profile, exhibits good effects on reducing oxidative stress and immunomodulation. Here, we present the functionalized patches that is administered on the lung airways and rescues the injured organ via clusterzymes.

Down-regulation of RIPK3 prevents depression-like behaviors by restoring the synaptic plasticity and suppressing neuronal loss.

Background: The excessive secretion of glucocorticoids resulting from the overactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of depression. RIPK3 plays a significant role in apoptosis and necroptosis. Glucocorticoids have been implicated in directly regulating the expression of RIPK3, leading to apoptosis and necroptosis of osteoblasts.

Bioactive NIR-II gold clusters for three-dimensional imaging and acute inflammation inhibition.

Strong fluorescence and high catalytic activities cannot be achieved simultaneously due to conflicts in free electron utilization, resulting in a lack of bioactivity of most near-infrared-II (NIR-II) fluorophores. To circumvent this challenge, we developed atomically precise Au clusters with strong NIR-II fluorescence ranging from 950 to 1300 nm exhibiting potent enzyme-mimetic activities through atomic engineering to create active Cu single-atom sites. The developed AuCu clusters show 18-fold higher antioxidant, 90-fold higher catalase-like, and 3-fold higher superoxide dismutase-like activities than Au clusters, with negligible fluorescence loss.

Esophageal papillomatosis: an exceedingly rare disease.

If esophageal papilloma (EP) is a rare condition, esophageal papillomatosis (EPS) is a distinct rarity. To date, only 53 well documented cases have been described in English literature. However, the number of reports on EPS significantly increased to over 40 cases during the past 20 years.

Ratiometric fluorescent detection of sulfide ions in Radix Codonopsis and living cells based on PVP-supported gold/copper nanoclusters with tunable dual emission.

Herein, a novel fluorometric-sensor with dual-emission system was constructed on the basis of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) co-functionalized gold/copper nanoclusters (PVP/MBT-Au@CuNCs) by a facile and eco-friendly one-pot approach. The sensor exhibited ratiometric fluorescence emission (F/F) for visual and selective detection of S with a sensitive detection limit of 11.9 nM.

An electrochemical modification strategy to fabricate NiFeCuPt polymetallic carbon matrices on nickel foam as stable electrocatalysts for water splitting.

Electrochemical modification is a mild and economical way to prepare electrocatalytic materials with abundant active sites and high atom efficiency. In this work, a stable NiFeCuPt carbon matrix deposited on nickel foam (NFFeCuPt) was fabricated with an extremely low Pt load (∼28 μg cm) using one-step electrochemical co-deposition modification, and it serves as a bifunctional catalyst for overall water splitting and achieves 100 mA cm current density at a low cell voltage of 1.54 V in acidic solution and 1.

Contactless Haptic Display Through Magnetic Field Control.

Haptic rendering enables people to touch, perceive, and manipulate virtual objects in a virtual environment. Using six cascaded identical hollow disk electromagnets and a small permanent magnet attached to an operator's finger, this paper proposes and develops an untethered haptic interface through magnetic field control. The concentric hole inside the six cascaded electromagnets provides the workspace, where the 3D position of the permanent magnet is tracked with a Microsoft Kinect sensor.

MST1-knockdown protects against impairment of working memory via regulating neural activity in depression-like mice.

We reported that over-expression of MST1 induced the impairment of spatial memory via disturbing neural oscillation patterns in mice. Meanwhile, the P-MST1 is increased in the hippocampus after chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). However, it is unclear if MST1 knockdown protects against stress-induced memory deficits via modulating neural activities.

Using the Newcomb-Benford law to study the association between a country's COVID-19 reporting accuracy and its development.

The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred controversies related to whether countries manipulate reported data for political gains. We study the association between accuracy of reported COVID-19 data and developmental indicators. We use the Newcomb-Benford law (NBL) to gauge data accuracy.

Experiment Study for Wrist-Wearable Electro-Tactile Display.

Tactile sensation is a promising information display channel for human beings that involves supplementing or replacing degraded visual or auditory channels. In this paper, a wrist-wearable tactile rendering system based on electro-tactile stimulation is designed for information expression, where a square array with 8 × 8 spherical electrodes is used as the touch panel. To verify and improve this touch-based information display method, the optimal mode for stimulus signals was firstly investigated through comparison experiments, which show that sequential stimuli with consecutive-electrode-in-active mode have a better performance than those with single-electrode-in-active mode.

Activation of liver X receptors prevents emotional and cognitive dysfunction by suppressing microglial M1-polarization and restoring synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus of mice.

Depression is a long-lasting and persistent mood disorder in which the regulatory mechanisms of neuroinflammation are thought to play a contributing role to the physiopathology of the condition. Previous studies have shown that liver X receptors (LXRs) can regulate the activation of microglia and neuroinflammation. However, the role of LXRs in depression remains to be fully understood.

Down-regulation of MST1 in hippocampus protects against stress-induced depression-like behaviours and synaptic plasticity impairments.

Depression is a common mental disorder, and its main environmental risk factor is chronic stress. The activation of mammalian STE20-like kinase 1 (MST1), a key factor involved in the underlying pathophysiology of stress, can trigger synaptic plasticity impairment, neuronal dysfunction and neuroinflammation. However, it is unclear whether down-regulation of MST1 in the hippocampus protects against stress-induced behavioural dysfunctions.

Recognition and Removal of Amyloid-β by a Heteromultivalent Macrocyclic Coassembly: A Potential Strategy for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.

The imbalance of amyloid-β (Aβ) production and clearance causes aggregation of Aβ monomers to form fibrils and amyloid plaques, which is an indispensable process in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and eventually leads to pathological changes and cognitive impairment. Consequently, Aβ is the most important target for the treatment of AD. However, developing a single treatment method that can recognize Aβ , inhibit Aβ fibrillation, eliminate amyloid plaques, improve cognitive impairments, and alleviate AD-like pathology is challenging.

Legumain Knockout Protects Against Aβ-Induced AD-like Cognitive Deficits and Synaptic Plasticity Dysfunction Via Inhibiting Neuroinflammation Without Cleaving APP.

Neuroinflammation is the important pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Legumain, a lysosomal cysteine protease, plays an important role in neuroinflammation during ischemic stroke and depressive disorder. Legumain is involved in AD process through cleaving APP; however, it is unclear if legumain can possibly modulate neuroinflammation without cleaving APP in AD.

Mesoporous Nanoarchitectures for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage.

Mesoporous materials have attracted considerable attention because of their distinctive properties, including high surface areas, large pore sizes, tunable pore structures, controllable chemical compositions, and abundant forms of composite materials. During the last decade, there has been increasing research interest in constructing advanced mesoporous nanomaterials possessing short and open channels with efficient mass diffusion capability and rich accessible active sites for electrochemical energy conversion and storage. Here, the synthesis, structures, and energy-related applications of mesoporous nanomaterials are the main focus.

General Formation of Macro-/Mesoporous Nanoshells from Interfacial Assembly of Irregular Mesostructured Nanounits.

Mesoporous core-shell nanostructures with controllable ultra-large open channels in their nanoshells are of great interest. However, soft template-directed cooperative assembly to mesoporous nanoshells with highly accessible pores larger than 30 nm, or even above 50 nm into macroporous range, remains a significant challenge. Herein we report a general approach for precisely tailored coating of hierarchically macro-/mesoporous polymer and carbon shells, possessing highly accessible radial channels with extremely wide pore size distribution from ca.

Over-expressed MST1 impaired spatial memory via disturbing neural oscillation patterns in mice.

The activated mammalian Ste20-like serine/threonine kinases 1 (MST1) was found in the central nervous system diseases, such as cerebral ischemia, stroke and ALS, which were related with cognitions. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of elevated MST1 on memory functions in C57BL/6J mice. We also explored the underlying mechanism about the pattern alteration of neural oscillations, closely associated with cognitive dysfunctions, at different physiological rhythms, which were related to a wide range of basic and higher-level cognitive activities.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ameliorates recognition memory impairment induced by hindlimb unloading in mice associated with BDNF/TrkB signaling.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), which could improve learning and memory, is widely used in psychiatry and neurology as a therapeutic approach. There are few studies reporting effective countermeasures to cognition decline in astronauts during space flight. Accordingly, we examined whether rTMS was able to significantly alleviate the learning and memory deficits induced by hindlimb unloading (HU), a general accepted rodent model to simulate microgravity, in mice.

Firefly-Inspired Approach to Develop New Chemiluminescence Materials.

Bioluminescence, wherein marine and terrestrial organisms chemically produce light for communication, is a burgeoning area of research. Herein, we demonstrate a new series of artificial chemiluminescent compounds inspired by the enol-degradation reaction of natural bioluminescent molecules, luciferins. Based on systematic optical experiments, isotope labeling, and theoretical calculations, the chemiluminescent mechanism of these new materials and the relationship of enol-degradation reaction and chemiluminescence are fully discussed.