Museum genomics reveals temporal genetic stasis and global genetic diversity in .

Global patterns of population genetic variation through time offer a window into evolutionary processes that maintain diversity. Over time, lineages may expand or contract their distribution, causing turnover in population genetic composition. At individual loci, migration, drift, environmental change (among other processes) may affect allele frequencies.

PCBM Constructing Heterojunction for Efficient CsPbI Perovskite Quantum Dot Solar Cells.

CsPbI perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have emerged as promising photovoltaic materials for third-generation solar cells, owing to their superior optoelectronic properties. Nevertheless, the performance of CsPbI PQD solar cells is primarily hindered by low carrier extraction efficiency, largely due to the insulative ligands. In this study, we introduced a semiconductor molecule, [6,6]-phenyl C butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), onto the surfaces of CsPbI PQDs as surface ligands to enhance photogenerated charge extraction.

Atomically intimate assembly of dual metal-oxide interfaces for tandem conversion of syngas to ethanol.

Selective conversion of syngas to value-added higher alcohols (containing two or more carbon atoms), particularly to a specific alcohol, is of great interest but remains challenging. Here we show that atomically intimate assembly of FeO-Rh-ZrO dual interfaces by selectively architecting highly dispersed FeO on ultrafine raft-like Rh clusters supported on tetragonal zirconia enables highly efficient tandem conversion of syngas to ethanol. The ethanol selectivity in oxygenates reached ~90% at CO conversion up to 51%, along with a markedly high space-time yield of ethanol of 668.

MicroRNA399s and strigolactones mediate systemic phosphate signaling between dodder-connected host plants and control association of host plants with rhizosphere microbes.

A dodder (Cuscuta) often simultaneously parasitizes two or more adjacent hosts. Phosphate (Pi) deficiency is a common stress for plants, and plants often interact with soil microbes, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), to cope with Pi stress. Little is known about whether dodder transmits Pi deficiency-induced systemic signals between different hosts.

The fall armyworm converts maize endophytes into its own probiotics to detoxify benzoxazinoids and promote caterpillar growth.

Background: The fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda) threatens maize production worldwide, and benzoxazinoids (Bxs) are known as the main secondary metabolites produced by maize to defend against FAW. However, we do not yet know whether and in what ways certain endophytes in the digestive system of FAW can metabolize Bxs, thus enhancing the fitness of FAW when feeding on maize.

Results: Using Bxs as the sole carbon and nitrogen source, we isolated Pantoea dispersa from the guts of FAW.

In situ identification of gastroprotective components from Dendrobium huoshanense using magnetic nanoparticles combined with biomaterials assisted EFISI-MS.

The identification of natural active compounds is typically a cumbersome and time-intensive process due to the necessity for elaborate sample pretreatment, leading to inefficiencies. Although recent advancements have introduced methods for targeted screening of these active compounds, they still demand intricate sample handling, and in severe cases, critical active compounds may be lost or degraded beyond detection. This study capitalizes on the novel discovery that FeO magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) can be stably immobilized onto a magnetized steel probe of the electrostatic field induced spray ionization mass spectrometry (EFISI-MS) platform.

Preparation and Performance Investigation of Carbon-Coated LiMnTiO/C Cathode Materials.

Mn-based cation disordered rock-salt (DRX) cathode materials exhibit promising application prospects due to their cost-effectiveness and high specific capacity. However, the synthesis methods commonly employed for these materials rely on the solid-state reaction method and mechanochemistry method, primarily attributed to the influence of low-valence states of Mn. Currently, sol-gel approaches for preparing Mn-based DRX cathode materials are limited to systems involving Mn.

Breaking the Conversion-Selectivity Trade-Off in Methanol Synthesis from CO Using Dual Intimate Oxide/Metal Interfaces.

The selective hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (CO) to value-added chemicals, e.g., methanol, using green hydrogen retrieved from renewable resources is a promising approach for CO emission reduction and carbon resource utilization.

Prediction of lateral neck metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid cancer with suspicious lateral lymph ultrasonic imaging based on central lymph node metastasis features.

Neck lymphatic metastasis is a common occurrence with thyroid cancers, and pre operative lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM) and postoperative lateral lymph node recurrence (LLNR) are two independent risk factors that are negatively associated with the prognosis of patients with thyroid cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) and LLNM in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with sonographically suspected LLNM, such as those without lymph node fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytological results or negative FNA results at the time of diagnosis. The predictive ability of CLNM regarding LLNR was also investigated.

Exploring microstructures of metal-doped oxides via simulated Raman spectrum.

Solid solution of metal-doped oxide has been widely used in material industry and catalysis process. Its performance is highly correlated with the distribution of doped ions. Due to the complex distribution of doped ions in solid solution and its variation with temperatures, to obtain the microstructures of metal-doped ions in solid solution remains a substantial challenge.

Research on the impact of regional integration policy on carbon emissions--Taking the Yangtze River Economic Belt as an example.

The Yangtze River Economic Belt serves as a paradigm of ecological integration and high-quality development within China. Under the constraints of the "Dual Carbon" goal, how does the integrative policy of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, aimed at reinforcing inter-regional industrial cooperation, impact carbon emissions across various provinces within the region? Leveraging panel data from 30 Chinese provinces spanning 2009-2019 and treating the 2016 promulgation of the "Yangtze River Economic Belt Development Planning Outline" as a quasi-natural experiment, this study employs a Difference-in-Differences (DID) model for discerning the effects of regional integration policies on carbon emissions, intensity, and efficiency in the 11 provinces of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The research further delves into the underlying mechanisms through which policy interventions modulate provincial carbon emissions.

Tuning the Electronic Structures of Anchor Sites to Achieve Zero-Valence Single-Atom Catalysts for Advanced Hydrogenation.

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have recently become highly attractive for selective hydrogenation reactions owing to their remarkably high selectivity. However, compared to their nanoparticle counterparts, atomically dispersed metal atoms in SACs often show inferior activity and are prone to aggregate under reaction conditions. Here, by theoretical calculations, we show that tuning the local electronic structures of metal anchor sites on g-CN by doping B atoms (BCN) with relatively lower electronegativity allows achieving zero-valence Pd SACs with reinforced metal-support orbital hybridizations for high stability and upshifted Pd 4d orbitals for high activity in H activation.

Directional and Orderly Arranged NiMn(OH) Enables the Synthesis of Single-Crystal Ni-Rich Co-Free LiNiMnO with Enhanced Internal Structural Stability.

In this paper, the effect of the structure characteristics of the precursor on the electrochemical properties of a single-crystal cobalt-free high-nickel LiNiMnO cathode is systematically studied. Precursors with different morphologies are synthesized by adjusting the coprecipitation reaction conditions. The results of SEM and XRD show that with the increase in the orderly stacking arrangement of internal primary nanosheets of NiMn(OH), the exposed active {010} planes at the surface increase.

Large-scale interplant exchange of macromolecules between soybean and dodder under nutrient stresses.

Parasitic plants and their hosts communicate through haustorial connections. Nutrient deficiency is a common stress for plants, yet little is known about whether and how host plants and parasites communicate during adaptation to such nutrient stresses. In this study, we used transcriptomics and proteomics to analyze how soybean () and its parasitizing dodder () respond to nitrate and phosphate deficiency (-N and -P).

Balanophora genomes display massively convergent evolution with other extreme holoparasites and provide novel insights into parasite-host interactions.

Parasitic plants have evolved to be subtly or severely dependent on host plants to complete their life cycle. To provide new insights into the biology of parasitic plants in general, we assembled genomes for members of the sandalwood order Santalales, including a stem hemiparasite (Scurrula) and two highly modified root holoparasites (Balanophora) that possess chimaeric host-parasite tubers. Comprehensive genome comparisons reveal that hemiparasitic Scurrula has experienced a relatively minor degree of gene loss compared with autotrophic plants, consistent with its moderate degree of parasitism.

Cellulose-Assisted Vertically Heterostructured PEO-Based Solid Electrolytes Mitigating Li-Succinonitrile Corrosion for Lithium Metal Batteries.

In the field of solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs), constructing vertically heterostructured poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based solid electrolytes is an effective method to realize their tight contact with cathodes and Li anodes at the same time. Succinonitrile (SN) has been widely used in PEO-based solid electrolytes to improve the interface contact with cathodes, enhance the ionic conductivities, and obtain a high electrochemical stability window of PEO, but its application is still hindered by its intrinsic instability to Li anodes, which results in corrosion and side interactions with lithium metal. Herein, the cellulose membrane (CM) is introduced creatively into the vertically heterostructured PEO-based solid electrolytes to match the PEO-SN solid electrolytes at the cathode side.

Mixing planting with native tree species reshapes soil fungal community diversity and structure in multi-generational eucalypt plantations in southern China.

The continuous planting pattern of eucalypt plantations negatively affects soil quality. A mixed planting pattern using native species implanted in pure plantations has been considered a preferable measure for this problem. However, the impact of this approachon the structure and function of fungal communities is not clear.

Between-Plant Signaling.

Parasitic plants use a special organ, the haustorium, to attach to and penetrate host tissues, forming phloem and/or xylem fusion with the host vascular systems. Across this haustorium-host interface, not only water and nutrients are extracted from the host by the parasitic plant, but also secondary metabolites, messenger RNAs, noncoding RNAs, proteins, and systemic signals are transported between the parasite and host and even among different hosts connected by a parasite. Furthermore, mycorrhizal fungi can form common mycelial networks (CMNs) that simultaneously interconnect multiple plants.

Tuning the CO Hydrogenation Selectivity of Rhodium Single-Atom Catalysts on Zirconium Dioxide with Alkali Ions.

Tuning the coordination environments of metal single atoms (M ) in single-atom catalysts has shown large impacts on catalytic activity and stability but often barely on selectivity in thermocatalysis. Here, we report that simultaneously regulating both Rh atoms and ZrO support with alkali ions (e.g.

ZmMYC2s play important roles in maize responses to simulated herbivory and jasmonate.

Both herbivory and jasmonic acid (JA) activate the biosynthesis of defensive metabolites in maize, but the mechanism underlying this remains unclear. We generated maize mutants in which ZmMYC2a and ZmMYC2b, two transcription factor genes important in JA signaling, were individually or both knocked out. Genetic and biochemical analyses were used to elucidate the functions of ZmMYC2 proteins in the maize response to simulated herbivory and JA.

Comparative genomics of orobanchaceous species with different parasitic lifestyles reveals the origin and stepwise evolution of plant parasitism.

Orobanchaceae is the largest family of parasitic plants, containing autotrophic and parasitic plants with all degrees of parasitism. This makes it by far the best family for studying the origin and evolution of plant parasitism. Here we provide three high-quality genomes of orobanchaceous plants, the autotrophic Lindenbergia luchunensis and the holoparasitic plants Phelipanche aegyptiaca and Orobanche cumana.

Li-Deficient Materials-Decoration Restrains Oxygen Evolution Achieving Excellent Cycling Stability of Li-Rich Mn-Based Cathode.

With the increasing demand for high energy density and rapid charging performance, Li-rich materials have been the up and coming cathodes for next-generation lithium-ion batteries. However, because of oxygen evolution and structural instability, the commercialization of Li-rich materials is extremely retarded by their poor electrochemical performances. In this work, Li-deficient materials LiNbO and (NbLi)TiO are applied to functionalize the surface of LiMnNiCoO, aiming to suppress oxygen evolution and increase structural stability in LIBs.

Adsorption of methyl orange on ZnO supported by seawater-modified red mud.

In this study, a novel adsorbent (SRM-ZnO) was prepared using zinc oxide supported on red mud in a seawater medium and was used for the adsorption of methyl orange (MO). It is expected to solve the recycling of red mud and prepare an economical adsorbent with high efficiency to adsorb dye wastewater. Material composition and morphology analyses showed that hydrotalcite compounds were attached on the surface of SRM-ZnO.

Inter-species mRNA transfer among green peach aphids, dodder parasites, and cucumber host plants.

mRNAs are transported within a plant through phloem. Aphids are phloem feeders and dodders ( spp.) are parasites which establish phloem connections with host plants.