Ultrahigh-reflectivity chiral mirrors based on the metasurface of the quarter-waveplate.

A study is conducted on a GaAs-based high-contrast subwavelength chiral metasurface (HCCM) designed for 1064 nm. The metasurface integrates a high-contrast subwavelength grating (HCG) for TM mode modulation, a SiO support layer, and a compact quarter-waveplate (QWP) to convert linearly polarized light to circularly polarized light. The HCG achieves ultra-high reflectivity at 1064 nm, attributed to the large refractive index contrast between the Si grating and SiO2 layer.

Targeted and non-targeted metabolic characteristics of 6,7-dihydroxy-2,4- dimethoxyphenanthrene during simulated gastrointestinal digestion.

6,7-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethoxyphenanthrene (PC4), isolated and identified from Chinese yam, was one of the important characteristic active ingredients. The present study established simulated gastrointestinal digestion and caco-2 intestinal epithelial models to investigate the digestive and metabolic characteristics of PC4. The results indicated that PC4 was mainly digested and metabolized in the intestine, with a digestion rate of 94 %, producing active characteristic metabolites including 2,6-dimethoxy-4-phenanthrenol (MC1) and 1-methoxyphenanthrene (MC2).

Experiments on Chloride Binding and Its Release by Sulfates in Cementitious Materials.

The aim of this study was to experimentally investigate the process of chloride binding and its sulfate-induced release in cementitious materials. The cementitious materials were replaced with hardened cement paste particles (HCPs) with water-to-cement ratios (w/c) of 0.35 and 0.

The lipase inhibitory effect of mulberry leaf phenolic glycosides: The structure-activity relationship and mechanism of action.

The present study found for the first time that phenolic glycosides were an important material basis for mulberry leaves to inhibit lipase. The corresponding IC for hyperoside, rutin, astragalin and quercetin were 68, 252, 385 and 815 μg/mL respectively. The inhibitory effect was ranked as monoglycosides > phenolic hydroxyl groups > disaccharides on the benzone ring.

Effects of mulberry leaf powder water extract supplementation on the growth performance, immunity, antioxidant, meat quality and intestinal microbiota of yellow feather broilers.

A 50-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of mulberry leaf powder water extract (MLE) on the growth performance, immunity, antioxidant, meat quality and intestinal microbiota of yellow feather broilers. A total of 720 birds (initial body weight 40.07 ± 0.

Strain- and Electron Doping-Induced In-Plane Spin Orientation at Room Temperature in Single-Layer CrTe.

Ferromagnets with a Curie temperature surpassing room temperature (RT) are highly sought after for advancing planar spintronics. The ultrathin CrTe is proposed as a promising two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnet with a Curie temperature above 300 K. However, its single-layer film is highly susceptible to specific external perturbations, leading to variable magnetic features depending on the environment.

The oligosaccharides of Xiasangju alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice by inhibiting inflammation.

Xiasangju (XSJ) is a traditional Chinese herbal formula consisted of Prunella spica, Mulberry leaf and Chrysanthemi indici flos, which can be used to treat fever, headache and ulcer. To explore the effects of oligosaccharides from XSJ (OX) on colitis, we used dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to establish colitis mouse models. After administration of OX with different doses on the control and colitis mice, we measured their body weights, disease activity indexes (DAI), lengths and histopathologic changes of colons, spleen indexes.

Effects of Cinnamon Powder on Glucose Metabolism in Diabetic Mice and the Molecular Mechanisms.

The liver is the primary organ regulating glucose metabolism. In our recent study, cinnamon improved liver function in diabetic mice. However, it is not clear whether cinnamon can reduce the glycemia of diabetic animals by regulating liver glucose metabolism.

Peptides as carriers of active ingredients: A review.

Bioactive compounds are highly valuable in the fields of food and medicine, but their application is limited due to easy deterioration after oral or skin administration. In recent years, the use of peptides as delivery systems for bioactive compounds has been intensively researched because of their special physicochemical characteristics. Peptides can be assembled using various preparation methods and can form several composite materials such as hydrogels, micelles, emulsions and particles.

Antibacterial Effects of Oligosaccharides against .

has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine because of its physiological activities, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Antimicrobial properties of extract have been well described. However, no information is available regarding on oligosaccharides (RMOS).

Molecular Targets and Mechanisms of 6,7-Dihydroxy-2,4-dimethoxyphenanthrene from Chinese Yam Modulating NF-κB/COX-2 Signaling Pathway: The Application of Molecular Docking and Gene Silencing.

Chinese yam () tuber has a significant effect of invigorating the intestine and improving the symptoms of long-term diarrhea according to the records of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Phenanthrene polyphenols from Chinese yam, with higher inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) than anti-inflammatory drugs, are an important material basis in alleviating ulcerative colitis via nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)/COX-2 pathway, based on our previous research. The present study further explored the target and molecular mechanisms of phenanthrenes' modulation of the NF-κB/COX-2 signaling pathway by means of molecular docking and gene silencing.

Diverse Galactooligosaccharides Differentially Reduce LPS-Induced Inflammation in Macrophages.

The effects of natural and synthetic galactooligosaccharides (GOS) on inflammation were explored by investigating the structure-activity relationship between the degree of GOS polymerization and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity, together with the potential underlying mechanism of their anti-inflammatory effects. The results demonstrated that GOS had strong anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages, including the inhibition of nitric oxide production and the reduced expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor α), induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and proteins related to the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway.

Co-Pigmentation Mechanism and Thermal Reaction Kinetics of Mulberry Anthocyanins with Different Phenolic Acids.

Applying the intermolecular co-pigmentation to improve the stability of mulberry anthocyanins is an important co-pigment method. Seven co-pigments, ferulic acid (FA), caffeic acid (CA), -hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA), protocatechuic acid (PA), gallic acid (GA), vanillic acid (VA) and vanillin (VN) were selected to investigate mulberry anthocyanin co-pigmentation thermal reaction kinetics. The strongest co-pigment reactions were observed for FA at a molar ratio of 1:20, pH 3.

Effect of Silkworm Pupa Protein Hydrolysates on Proliferation of Gastric Cancer Cells In Vitro.

The proliferation inhibition effects of the hydrolysates from silkworm pupa proteins on MGC-803 gastric cancer cells were investigated in this study. The specific morphological changes (cell membrane, cell nucleus and cytoskeleton) of cells were measured. In vitro, the proliferation of MGC-803 cells was inhibited by silkworm pupa protein hydrolysates (SPPHs) in a dose-dependent manner.

The transported active mulberry leaf phenolics inhibited adipogenesis through PPAR-γ and Leptin signaling pathway.

The effective components of mulberry leaf polyphenols (MLPs) should be absorbed and transported by the intestinal cells before regulating lipid metabolism. The Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cell and 3 T3-L1 adipocytes were coupled to screen the effective components of MLPs that are being absorbed and transported by intestinal cells. The regulation and molecular mechanism by which the effective components affect adipogenesis were analyzed in this study.

Preparation, structural characterization and prebiotic potential of mulberry leaf oligosaccharides.

The present study shows the purification of a main oligosaccharide fraction (MLO 1-2) from the enzymatic hydrolysate of mulberry leaf polysaccharides by DEAE-52 cellulose and gel column chromatography. The physicochemical properties of MLO 1-2 were characterized. The structure of MLO 1-2 was obtained as follows: α-(2-OAc)-Man-1 → 2-β-Glc-1 → 4-β-Glc-1 → 4-α-Glc-1 → 2-α-Glc-1 → 2-α-Gal-1 → 2-β-Gal-1 → 2-β-Gal-1, which was elucidated by methylation and NMR analysis.

Analysis of GG in Mulberry Galacto-Oligosaccharide Medium by Comparative Transcriptomics and Metabolomics.

GG (LGG) has strong acid resistance and can survive passing through the stomach to colonize the intestines, where it promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria. Prebiotics such as mulberry galacto-oligosaccharide (MGO), mulberry polysaccharide solution (MPS), and galactooligosaccharides (GOS) promote LGG proliferation, and MGO has the greatest effect. After culturing LGG with prebiotics, changes in gene expression were studied at the transcriptomic and metabolomic levels.

Mid-Infrared Sensor Based on Dirac Semimetal Coupling Structure.

A multilayer structure based on Dirac semimetals is investigated, where long-range surface plasmon resonance (LRSPR) of a dielectric layer/Dirac semimetal/dielectric layer are coupled with surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on graphene to substantially improve the Goos−Hänchen (GH) shift of Dirac semimetals in the mid-infrared band. This has important implications for the study of mid-infrared sensors. We studied the reflection coefficient and phase of this multilayer structure using a generalized transport matrix.

The pyran ring isopentene group: an overlooked antimicrobial active group in prenylated flavonoids.

Prenylated flavonoids show antibacterial activity towards (). Previous studies have suggested that the prenyl side-chain is an important active group for antimicrobial activity. However, prenylated flavonoids also often contain a pyran ring isopentene group.

Antibacterial Mechanism of Cinnamaldehyde: Modulation of Biosynthesis of Phosphatidylethanolamine and Phosphatidylglycerol in and .

Cinnamaldehyde is a natural antimicrobial food preservative. Previous studies have suggested that cinnamaldehyde interacts with the cell membrane, but the molecular targets of cinnamaldehyde action on foodborne pathogens are still unclear. In this study, the structural changes of and cells were observed after cinnamaldehyde treatment.

The hypoglycemic effect of freeze-dried fermented mulberry mixed with soybean on type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Mulberry has significant hypoglycemic effect and can be used as an auxiliary food for people with type 2 diabetes. However, it is rich in carbohydrate and cannot be consumed directly by diabetic patients. In the study, we fermented the mulberry to reduce the content of glucose and fructose, and added the soybean to reduce the loss of probiotics during fermentation and then determined its hypoglycemic effect.

Large bandwidth and high-efficiency plasmonic quarter-wave plate.

A large bandwidth and high-efficiency subwavelength quarter-wave plate (QWP) is an indispensable component of an integrated miniaturized optical system. The bandwidth of existing plasmonic quarter-wave plates with a transmission efficiency of more than 50% is less than 320 nm in the near-infrared band. In this paper, a metallic quarter-wave plate with a bandwidth of 600 nm (0.

Effects of enzymatic hydrolysis on the structural, rheological, and functional properties of mulberry leaf polysaccharide.

Effects of enzymatic hydrolysis on the structural, rheological, and functional properties of mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) were characterized in this study. The enzymatic hydrolysis of MLP raised the carbonyl, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups from 7.21 ± 0.