Ca oscillation in vascular smooth muscle cells control myogenic spontaneous vasomotion and counteract post-ischemic no-reflow.

Ischemic stroke produces the highest adult disability. Despite successful recanalization, no-reflow, or the futile restoration of the cerebral perfusion after ischemia, is a major cause of brain lesion expansion. However, the vascular mechanism underlying this hypoperfusion is largely unknown, and no approach is available to actively promote optimal reperfusion to treat no-reflow.

Roseburia intestinalis sensitizes colorectal cancer to radiotherapy through the butyrate/OR51E1/RALB axis.

The radioresistant signature of colorectal cancer (CRC) hampers the clinical utility of radiotherapy. Here, we find that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) potentiates the tumoricidal effects of radiation and degrades the intertwined adverse events in azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced CRC mice. FMT cumulates Roseburia intestinalis (R.

Fate mapping of Spp1 expression reveals age-dependent plasticity of disease-associated microglia-like cells after brain injury.

Microglial reactivity to injury and disease is emerging as a heterogeneous, dynamic, and crucial determinant in neurological disorders. However, the plasticity and fate of disease-associated microglia (DAM) remain largely unknown. We established a lineage tracing system, leveraging the expression dynamics of secreted phosphoprotein 1（Spp1） to label and track DAM-like microglia during brain injury and recovery.

Transcriptional and epigenetic decoding of the microglial aging process.

As important immune cells, microglia undergo a series of alterations during aging that increase the susceptibility to brain dysfunctions. However, the longitudinal characteristics of microglia remain poorly understood. In this study, we mapped the transcriptional and epigenetic profiles of microglia from 3- to 24-month-old mice.

Modeling Distal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Neonatal Rodents with Magnetic Nanoparticles or Magnetized Red Blood Cells.

It is challenging to establish animal models to mimic perinatal arterial ischemic stroke. Here, we provided two approaches that precisely occlude rodent pups' distal middle cerebral artery of rodent pups at any postnatal age. One uses magnetic nanoparticles to generate platelet-rich thrombus, and the other utilizes magnetized red blood cells (mRBCs) to generate an erythrocyte-rich embolus.

Proteins secreted by brain arteriolar smooth muscle cells are instructive for neural development.

Intercellular communication between vascular and nerve cells mediated by diffusible proteins has recently emerged as a critical intrinsic program for neural development. However, whether the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) secretome regulates the connectivity of neural circuits remains unknown. Here, we show that conditioned medium from brain VSMC cultures enhances multiple neuronal functions, such as neuritogenesis, neuronal maturation, and survival, thereby improving circuit connectivity.

Precise control of embolic stroke with magnetized red blood cells in mice.

Precise embolism control in immature brains can facilitate mechanistic studies of brain damage and repair after perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS), but it remains a technical challenge. Microhemorrhagic transformation is observed in one-third of infant patients who have suffered PAIS, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Building on an established approach that uses magnetic nanoparticles to induce PAIS, we develop a more advanced approach that utilizes magnetized erythrocytes to precisely manipulate de novo and in situ embolus formation and reperfusion in perinatal rodent brains.

DDX10 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells via splicing RPL35.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) has become the second deadliest cancer in the world and severely threatens human health. An increasing number of studies have focused on the role of the RNA helicase DEAD-box (DDX) family in CRC. However, the mechanism of DDX10 in CRC has not been elucidated.

Ambient temperature structures the gut microbiota of zebrafish to impact the response to radioactive pollution.

Potential nuclear accidents propel serious environmental pollution, and the resultant radionuclide release devastates severely the environment severely and threatens aquatic organism survival. Likewise, ongoing climate change coupled with the gradual increase in global surface temperatures can also adversely impact the aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, we preconditioned zebrafish (Danio rerio) at three different temperatures (18 °C, 26 °C and 34 °C) to investigate the effects of a temperature profile on their radiosensitivity (exposure to 20 Gy of gamma rays) to identify the potential biochemical mechanism responsible for influencing radiosensitivity.

Low-Intensity Exercise Modulates Gut Microbiota to Fight Against Radiation-Induced Gut Toxicity in Mouse Models.

Radiation-induced gastrointestinal (GI) tract toxicity halts radiotherapy and degrades the prognosis of cancer patients. Physical activity defined as "any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscle that requires energy expenditure" is a beneficial lifestyle modification for health. Here, we investigate whether walking, a low-intensity form of exercise, could alleviate intestinal radiation injury.

Caloric restriction alleviates radiation injuries in a sex-dependent fashion.

Safe and effective regimens are still needed given the risk of radiation toxicity from iatrogenic irradiation. The gut microbiota plays an important role in radiation damage. Diet has emerged as a key determinant of the intestinal microbiome signature and function.

SREBP1/FASN/cholesterol axis facilitates radioresistance in colorectal cancer.

Acquired and intrinsic radioresistance remains a major challenge during the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Aberrant cholesterol metabolism precipitates the development of multiple cancers. Here, we report that exogenous or endogenous cholesterol enhances the radioresistance of CRC cells.

Metformin fights against radiation-induced early developmental toxicity.

Nuclear pollution intertwined accidental irradiation not only triggers acute and chronic radiation syndromes, but also endangers embryonic development in sight of uncontrollable gene mutation. Metformin (MET), a classic hypoglycemic drug, has been identified to possess multiple properties. In this study, we explored the radioprotective effects of MET on the developmental abnormalities and deformities induced by irradiation among three "star drugs".

LncRNA HOTAIR enhances breast cancer radioresistance through facilitating HSPA1A expression via sequestering miR-449b-5p.

Background: Breast cancer (BRCA) is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Pre- and postoperative radiotherapy play a pivotal role in BRCA treatment but its efficacy remains limited and plagued by the emergence of radiation resistance, which aggravates patient prognosis. The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)-implicated mechanisms underlying radiation resistance are rarely reported.

Tiling light sheet selective plane illumination microscopy using discontinuous light sheets.

Tiling light sheet selective plane illumination microscopy (TLS-SPIM) improves the 3D imaging ability of SPIM by using real-time optimized tiling light sheets. However, the imaging speed decreases and the raw image size increases due to the tiling process and additional camera exposures. The decreased imaging speed and the increased raw data could cause significant problems when TLS-SPIM is used to image large specimens at high spatial resolutions.

The deubiquitinating enzyme Usp5 regulates Notch and RTK signaling during Drosophila eye development.

Usp5 belongs to the USP family of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), which comprises the largest class of DUBs. We previously reported that loss of Usp5 impairs development of photoreceptors in Drosophila eyes, although the detailed mechanism remained unclear. In the present study, we demonstrate that Usp5 regulates both Notch and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling.