Comparative Field Evaluation and Transcriptome Analysis Reveals that Chromosome Doubling Enhances Sheath Blight Resistance in Rice.

Rice sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kihn (R. solani), poses a significant threat to rice production and quality. Autotetraploid rice, developed through chromosome doubling of diploid rice, holds great potential for enhancing biological and yield traits.

GATCF: Graph Attention Collaborative Filtering for Reliable Blockchain Services Selection in BaaS.

Blockchain technology is a decentralized ledger that allows the development of applications without the need for a trusted third party. As service-oriented computing continues to evolve, the concept of Blockchain as a Service (BaaS) has emerged, providing a simplified approach to building blockchain-based applications. The growing demand for blockchain services has resulted in numerous options with overlapping functionalities, making it difficult to select the most reliable ones for users.

Crystallization Engineering of CuNi S Ultra-Fine Nanocrystals with Optimized Band Structures for Efficient Photocatalytic Pollutant Degradation and Hydrogen Production.

The mono-dispersed cubic siegenite CuNi S ultra-fine (≈5 nm) nanocrystals are fabricated through crystallization engineering under hot injection. The strong hydroxylation on mostly exposed CuNi S (220) surface leads to the formation of multi-valence (Cu , Cu , Ni , Ni ) species with unsaturated hybridization and coordination micro-environments, which can induce rich redox reactions to optimize interfacial kinetics for the adsorbed reaction intermediates. The as-synthesized CuNi S nanocrystals with ultra-small particle size and the characteristics of being highly dispersed can increase specific surface area and hydroxylated active sites, which considerably contribute to the improvement of photocatalytic activities.

Cytological observation and transcriptome analysis reveal dynamic changes of colonization on leaf sheath and different genes recruited between the resistant and susceptible genotypes in rice.

Sheath blight, caused by , is a big threat to the global rice production. To characterize the early development of on rice leaf and leaf sheath, two genotypes, GD66 (a resistant genotype) and Lemont (a susceptible genotype), were observed using four cytological techniques: the whole-mount eosin B-staining confocal laser scanning microscopy (WE-CLSM), stereoscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and plastic semi-thin sectioning after inoculation. WE-CLSM observation showed that, at 12 h post-inoculation (hpi), the amount of hyphae increased dramatically on leaf and sheath surface, the infection cushions occurred and maintained at a huge number from about 18 to 36 hpi, and then the infection cushions disappeared gradually from about 42 to 72 hpi.

High Photoresponse Black Phosphorus TFTs Capping with Transparent Hexagonal Boron Nitride.

Black phosphorus (BP), a single elemental two-dimensional (2D) material with a sizable band gap, meets several critical material requirements in the development of future nanoelectronic applications. This work reports the ambipolar characteristics of few-layer BP, induced using 2D transparent hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) capping. The 2D h-BN capping have several advantages over conventional AlO capping in flexible and transparent 2D device applications.

First Report of New Bacterial Leaf Blight of Rice Caused by Pantoea ananatis in Southeast China.

In autumn 2020, leaf blight was observed on rice (Oryza sativa L., variety Zhongzao39, Yongyou9, Yongyou12, Yongyou15, Yongyou18, Yongyou1540, Zhongzheyou8, Jiafengyou2, Xiangliangyou900 and Jiyou351) in the fields of 17 towns in Zhejiang and Jiangxi Provinces, China. The disease incidence was 45%-60%.

A Linear Regression Model for the Prediction of Rice Sheath Blight Field Resistance.

Rice sheath blight (SB) disease is a global issue that causes great yield losses each year. To explore whether SB field resistance can be predicted, 273 rice genotypes were inoculated and evaluated for SB field resistance across nine environments from 2012 to 2019 to identify loci associated with SB resistance by association mapping. A total of 80 significant marker-trait associations were detected in nine environments, among which six loci (D130B, D230A, D304B, D309, D427A, and RM409) were repeatedly detected in at least two environments.

Solar-Blind Photodetector with Lower Dark Current and Higher / Ratio Based on MgZnO Film Deposited by Pulsed Laser Deposition Method.

In this study, pulsed laser deposition method (PLD) was employed to grow MgZnO films on quartz substrates. The optimal deposition temperature of 300 °C for MgZnO film was decided and MgZnO, MgZnO and MgZnO films were grown respectively using MgZnO targets with different Mg contents ( = 0.3, 0.

Electric field modulation in the auxetic effect of BP-analog monolayer As and Sb by first-principles calculations.

In this paper, we have introduced the auxetic effect in black phosphorus (BP) analog Sb and achieved auxetic modulations in monolayer As and Sb via first-principles calculations. Compared with monolayer As, the monolayer Sb is phonon unstable. By applying uniaxial strain along each direction, we discovered zigzag-vertical reversibility on out-of-plane auxeticity, and the negative Poisson's ratios for monolayer As and Sb were simulated to be -0.

The effective photocatalysis and antibacterial properties of AgBr/AgVO composites under visible-light.

With the discharge of large amount of organic pollutants and antibiotics into the water environment, the water cycle has been seriously polluted, and at the same time, various drug-resistant bacteria have emerged in succession, which poses a serious threat to human health. In recent years, photocatalytic nanomaterials have become a research hotspot in the antimicrobial area. In this study, AgBr/AgVO photocatalysts were prepared by a hydrothermal process and an growth method.

The effective photocatalysis and antibacterial properties of AgBr/AgMoO@ZnO composites under visible light irradiation.

A novel Z-scheme AgBr/AgMoO@ZnO photocatalyst was fabricated a hydrothermal process and growth method. X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to determine the structure of the photocatalyst. The results showed that the composites were tightly connected by the (101) lattice plane of ZnO, the (222) plane of AgMoO and the (200) lattice plane of AgBr.

High Sensitivity NO₂ Gas Sensor Based on 3D WO₃ Microflowers Assembled by Numerous Nanoplates.

Tungsten oxide microflowers (WO₃ MFs) were fabricated by a simple hydrothermal process through adjusting the pH of the solution by HCl. These MFs possess the outer diameters of about 2 m and are composed of numerous nanoplates with the average pore size of 10.9 nm.

Solar-Blind Photodetector with Lower Dark Current and Higher / Ratio Based on MgZnO Film Deposited by Pulsed Laser Deposition Method.

In this study, pulsed laser deposition method (PLD) was employed to grow MgZnO films on quartz substrates. The optimal deposition temperature of 300 °C for MgZnO film was decided and MgZnO, MgZnO and MgZnO films were grown respectively using MgZnO targets with different Mg contents ( = 0.3, 0.

Field Emission Properties of Molybdenum Nanoparticles Decorated ZnO Nanorod Arrays.

Precisely controlled dimensions of heterostructured ZnO nanorod arrays were grown on micropatterned Au films supported by Si substrate using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The field emission properties were attributed to pointed nanorods, thickness of catalyst, preferential growth, density, morphology of ZnO and Molybdenum (Mo) decorated ZnO nanorod arrays (Mo/ZnO). The selective restrained heterostructure approach resulted in excellent control over periodicity, location and density of ZnO nanorod arrays.

Genotype by Environment Interaction: The Greatest Obstacle in Precise Determination of Rice Sheath Blight Resistance in the Field.

Rice sheath blight (SB) is the most serious rice disease in China. Resistance of rice to SB is a quantitative trait that is easily influenced by the environment; however, the extent of environmental influence on SB field resistance is still poorly understood. To identify rice genotype by environment interactions for SB resistance, 211 rice genotypes originating from 15 countries were planted and evaluated for SB field resistance in six different environments between 2012 and 2016 after inoculation with the SB pathogen isolate ZJ03.

Combination of twelve alleles at six quantitative trait loci determines grain weight in rice.

Grain weight, which is controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs), is one of the most important determinants of rice yield. Although many QTLs for grain weight have been identified, little is known about how different alleles in different QTLs coordinate to determine grain weight. In the present study, six grain-weight-QTLs were detected in seven mapping populations (two F2, one F3, and four recombinant inbred lines) developed by crossing 'Lemont', a United States japonica variety, with 'Yangdao 4', a Chinese indica variety.

Combination of Eight Alleles at Four Quantitative Trait Loci Determines Grain Length in Rice.

Grain length is an important quantitative trait in rice (Oryza sativa L.) that influences both grain yield and exterior quality. Although many quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for grain length have been identified, it is still unclear how different alleles from different QTLs regulate grain length coordinately.

Analysis on genetic diversification and heterosis in autotetraploid rice.

Polyploidization has played an important role in plant evolution and is a pathway for plants to increase genetic diversification and to get higher heterosis comparing with that of diploid does. This study was undertaken to assess the genetic variation and relationships among 40 autotetraploid rice genotypes and their counterpart diploid cultivars with 99 SSR markers screened from published rice genome. The 99 SSR markers detected polymorphism among autotetraploid genotypes and revealed a total of 291 alleles with an average of 2.

Abnormalities occurring during female gametophyte development result in the diversity of abnormal embryo sacs and leads to abnormal fertilization in indica/japonica hybrids in rice.

Embryo sac abortion is one of the major reasons for sterility in indica/japonica hybrids in rice. To clarify the causal mechanism of embryo sac abortion, we studied the female gametophyte development in two indica/japonica hybrids via an eosin B staining procedure for embryo sac scanning using confocal laser scanning microscope. Different types of abnormalities occurred during megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis were demonstrated.