Preparation and Properties of Hydrophobic Polyurethane Based on Silane Modification.

Waterborne coatings have obtained more and more attention from researchers with increasing concerns in environmental protection, and have the advantages of being green, environmentally friendly and safe. However, the introduction of hydrophilic groups leads to lower hydrophobicity and it is difficult to meet the requirements of complex application environments. Herein, we proposed an optimization approach of waterborne polyurethane (WPU) with vinyl tris(β-methoxyethoxy) silane (A172), and it was found that the surface roughness, mechanical properties, thermal stability and water resistance of WPU will be increased to a certain extent with the addition of A172.

Evaluation system of coastal wetland ecological vulnerability under the synergetic influence of land and sea: A case study in the Yellow River Delta, China.

A comprehensive evaluation system and model of Coastal Wetland Ecological Vulnerability (CWEV) was constructed and applied to reveal spatial heterogeneity of the ecological vulnerability of the Yellow River Delta Wetland (YRDW). The results showed that the score of the ecological vulnerability (EVS) of the YRDW was 0.49, which was generally at a medium vulnerability level.

NMDA receptor blockade ameliorates abnormalities of spike firing of subthalamic nucleus neurons in a parkinsonian nonhuman primate.

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are ion channels comprising tetrameric assemblies of GluN1 and GluN2 receptor subunits that mediate excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system. Of the four different GluN2 subunits, the GluN2D subunit-containing NMDARs have been suggested as a target for antiparkinsonian therapy because of their expression pattern in some of the basal ganglia nuclei that show abnormal firing patterns in the parkinsonian state, specifically the subthalamic nucleus (STN). In this study, we demonstrate that blockade of NMDARs altered spike firing in the STN in a male nonhuman primate that had been rendered parkinsonian by treatment with the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine.

Anatomical localization of Cav3.1 calcium channels and electrophysiological effects of T-type calcium channel blockade in the motor thalamus of MPTP-treated monkeys.

Conventional anti-Parkinsonian dopamine replacement therapy is often complicated by side effects that limit the use of these medications. There is a continuing need to develop nondopaminergic approaches to treat Parkinsonism. One such approach is to use medications that normalize dopamine depletion-related firing abnormalities in the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuitry.

Reduced cortical innervation of the subthalamic nucleus in MPTP-treated parkinsonian monkeys.

The striatum and the subthalamic nucleus are the main entry points for cortical information to the basal ganglia. Parkinson's disease affects not only the function, but also the morphological integrity of some of these inputs and their synaptic targets in the basal ganglia. Significant morphological changes in the cortico-striatal system have already been recognized in patients with Parkinson's disease and in animal models of the disease.

Instrumental REM sleep deprivation in neonates leads to adult depression-like behaviors in rats.

Study Objectives: Previous studies have demonstrated that neonatal suppression of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep by pharmacologic agents, particularly clomipramine, produces adult depressive behavior. These findings suggest the hypothesis that REM sleep deprivation (RSD) mediates the depressogenic behaviors of neonatally administered antidepressant drugs. Drug suppression of RSD, however, was thought to be confounded by the other effects of the drugs.

Novel role of gp91(phox)-containing NAD(P)H oxidase in vascular endothelial growth factor-induced signaling and angiogenesis.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces angiogenesis by stimulating endothelial cell proliferation and migration, primarily through the receptor tyrosine kinase VEGF receptor2 (Flk1/KDR). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from NAD(P)H oxidase are critically important in many aspects of vascular cell regulation, and both the small GTPase Rac1 and gp91(phox) are critical components of the endothelial NAD(P)H oxidase complex. A role of NAD(P)H oxidase in VEGF-induced angiogenesis, however, has not been defined.

Clomipramine suppresses postnatal REM sleep without increasing wakefulness: implications for the production of depressive behaviors.

Clomipramine (CLI), a REM sleep suppressant, alleviates symptoms of depression in adults but produces depressive behaviors if applied neonatally. Both effects of CLI as applied to adults and to neonates have been interpreted as consequences of its involvement in REM sleep deprivation. However, the paradox of these conflicting effects remains to be understood.