Managing extreme AI risks amid rapid progress.

Preparation requires technical research and development, as well as adaptive, proactive governance.

Molecular relays in nanometer-scale alumina: effective encapsulation for water-submersed halide perovskite photocathodes.

Halide perovskite (HaP) solar cells have an excellent voltage efficiency (>70%) and a low electron-affinity conduction band minimum, making them prospective candidates to be used as photocathodes in integrated low-cost solar fuel generators. However, halide perovskites are notoriously unstable in aqueous solutions and immediately dissolve upon exposure to water. Ultrathin layers (<10 nm) of AlO deposited by atomic layer deposition are suitable encapsulants to prevent water ingression but are also electronically insulating.

Tuning the Ion-Selectivity of Thin-Film Composite Nanofiltration Membranes by Molecular Layer Deposition of Alucone.

This work addresses a key challenge of tailoring the ion selectivity of a thin-film composite nanofiltration membrane to a specific application, such as water softening, without altering the water permeability. We modified the active surface of a commercial NF270 membrane by molecular layer deposition (MLD) of ethylene glycol-Al (EG-alucone). With increasing deposition cycles, we found that the MLD precursors first infiltrated and deposited in the active layer of NF270, then inflated the active layer, and finally deposited on the surface as a distinct EG-alucone layer.