Upper airway in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate evaluated with computational fluid dynamics.

Introduction: Children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) exhibit snoring and mouth breathing. They are also reported to show obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. However, their upper airway ventilation condition is not clearly understood.

Rapid maxillary expansion effects of nasal airway in children with cleft lip and palate using computational fluid dynamics.

Objectives: Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) improves nasal airway ventilation in non-cleft palate children. Children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) may have nasal obstruction and experience an increased risk of obstructive sleep apnoea. The effect of RME in UCLP children is unclear.

Relationships among tongue volume, hyoid position, airway volume and maxillofacial form in paediatric patients with Class-I, Class-II and Class-III malocclusions.

Objectives: To clarify the associations among tongue volume, hyoid position, airway volume and maxillofacial form using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data for children with Class-I, Class-II and Class-III malocclusion.

Setting And Sample Population: Sixty children (mean age, 9.2 years) divided into Class-I, Class-II and Class-III malocclusion groups according to the A-nasion-B angle.

Herbst appliance effects on pharyngeal airway ventilation evaluated using computational fluid dynamics.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a Herbst appliance on ventilation of the pharyngeal airway (PA) using computational fluid dynamics (CFD).

Materials And Methods: Twenty-one Class II patients (10 boys; mean age, 11.7 years) who required Herbst therapy with edgewise treatment underwent cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) before and after treatment.