Expression and characterization of cholesterol oxidase with high thermal and pH stability from .

Cholesterol oxidases (COXases) have a diverse array of applications including analysis of blood cholesterol levels, synthesis of steroids, and utilization as an insecticidal protein. The COXase gene from was cloned and expressed in . The purified COXase showed an optimal temperature of 60 °C and maintained about 96 and 72% of its initial activity after 30 min at 60 and 70 °C, respectively.

Improving the organic solvent tolerance of Escherichia coli with vanillin, and the involvement of an AcrAB-TolC efflux pump in vanillin tolerance.

Vanillin is used as a flavor ingredient in a diverse range of food categories and is known to inhibit microbial fermentation. In this study, we found that vanillin improved the hydrophobic organic solvent tolerance of Escherichia coli and showed that the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump is implicated in that tolerance. The expression level of the pump was enhanced by the addition of vanillin.