Intervention Strategies to Reduce Surgical Site Infection Rates in Patients Undergoing Rectal Cancer Surgery.

Background/aim: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of surgical site infection (SSI) prevention approaches in rectal cancer surgery.

Patients And Methods: A total of 1,408 patients who underwent elective rectal cancer surgery between 1995 and 2017 were reviewed. Patients were divided into three groups: control group (group A, n=245), SSI prevention intervention group (group B, n=516), and laparoscopic or robotic surgery group (group C, n=647).

Acetylated DNMT1 Downregulation and Related Regulatory Factors Influence Metastatic Melanoma Patients Survival.

The role of post-translational modifications (PTM) of the key epigenetic factor DNMT1 protein has not been well explored in cutaneous metastatic melanoma progression. The acetylated DNMT1 (ac-DNMT1) protein level was assessed using an anti-acetylated lysine antibody in a clinically annotated melanoma patient tumor specimen cohort. In this study, we showed that surgically resected tumors have significantly higher DNMT1 protein expression in metastatic melanoma (stage III metastasis = 17, = 0.

Long-term response on letrozole for gastric cancer: A case report.

Rationale: Hormone therapies, particularly those targeting estrogen and its receptors, are a key treatment modality for patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast or ovarian cancer. Some gastric cancers (GCs) express ERs, and preclinical studies suggest the potential of estrogen-targeting hormone therapy on GC; however, the clinical relevance of this hormone therapy on GC treatment has not been well elucidated.

Patient Concerns: An 80-year-old female was admitted to our department with hypogastric pain and vomiting.

Risk factors of mFOLFOX6-induced hyperammonemia in patients with colorectal cancer: an observational study.

Background: FOLFOX therapy, a standard treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC), causes a rare, but serious adverse event, hyperammonemia. However, the risk factors of hyperammonemia remain unknown.

Methods: We examined 74 patients who received mFOLFOX6 therapy with or without biologics for CRC between April 2013 and March 2018 in Yaizu City Hospital.

Therapeutic effects and limitations of chemoradiotherapy in advanced lower rectal cancer focusing on T4b.

Purpose: This study aimed to elucidate the benefits and limitations of preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in rectal cancer treatment, specifically in T4b rectal cancer.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study reviewed 1014 consecutive patients with clinical T3/4a/T4b adenocarcinomas of the lower rectum, who underwent total mesorectal excision at the Department of Surgical Oncology of the University of Tokyo Hospital and 22 referral institutions affiliated with the Japanese Study Group for Postoperative Follow-up of Colorectal Cancer. Patients were divided into two cohorts: cohort 1 comprised 298 consecutive patients who underwent CRT followed by radical surgery and cohort 2 comprised 716 consecutive patients who underwent curative surgery without preoperative therapy.

Extended Left Colectomy with Coloanal Anastomosis by Indocyanine Green-guided Deloyers Procedure: A Case Report.

The Deloyers procedure is performed after extended left colectomy, enabling the reach of the proximal colon to the rectum for anastomosis while preserving sufficient blood supply. We report a case of the Deloyers procedure performed safely under indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence guidance. A 50-year-old man with obesity (body mass index, 35.

Risk factors for non-reaching of ileal pouch to the anus in laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy with handsewn anastomosis for ulcerative colitis.

Background/aims: Restorative proctocolectomy (RPC) with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis and handsewn anastomosis for ulcerative colitis requires pulling down of the ileal pouch into the pelvis, which can be technically challenging. We examined risk factors for the pouch not reaching the anus.

Methods: Clinical records of 62 consecutive patients who were scheduled to undergo RPC with handsewn anastomosis at the University of Tokyo Hospital during 1989-2019 were reviewed.

Establishing a novel method for assessing elasticity of internal anal sphincter using ultrasonic real-time tissue elastography.

Background: Evaluating anorectal function using real-time tissue elastography (RTE) has not been reported. A previous study reported that in the internal anal sphincter (IAS) of surgical specimens of patients with rectal cancer who underwent abdominoperineal resection, there was an increased fibrosis trend in those who underwent pre-operative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) compared with non-CRT. We speculated that CRT might have induced sclerosis of the IAS because of fibrosis.

Use of catheter with 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer coating is associated with long-term availability of central venous port.

Central venous port (CVP) is a widely used totally implantable venous access device. Recognition of risks associated with CVP-related complications is clinically important for safe, reliable, and long-term intravenous access. We therefore investigated factors associated with CVP infection and evulsion, including the device type.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastatic ability of CD133 colorectal cancer stem-like cells under hypoxia.

Although CD133 is a representative cancer stem cell marker, its function in tumor aggressiveness under hypoxia remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the associations between CD133, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and distant metastasis in colorectal cancer. CD133 and CD133 cells were isolated from a single colorectal cancer cell line LoVo, and their adhesive and migratory properties were compared under hypoxic conditions.

Change in skeletal muscle index and its prognostic significance in patients who underwent successful conversion therapy for initially unresectable colorectal cancer: observational study.

Background: Systemic therapy can cause loss of skeletal muscle mass in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in the neoadjuvant and palliative settings. However, it is unknown how the body composition is changed by chemotherapy rendering unresectable CRC to resectable disease or how it affects the prognosis. This study aimed at elucidating the effects of systemic therapy on skeletal muscles and survival in stage IV CRC patients who underwent conversion therapy.

Oncological Outcomes of Pathological T1 Lower Rectal Cancer Patients With or Without Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy.

Background/aim: It remains unclear whether rectal cancers down-staged by preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) have similar prognoses to those of the same stage without preoperative CRT. We compared prognoses of pT1 rectal cancer patients stratified by preoperative CRT.

Patients And Methods: We retrieved data of patients with pathological T1 rectal cancer between 2003 and 2020.

Downregulation of the Ubiquitin-E3 Ligase RNF123 Promotes Upregulation of the NF-κB1 Target SerpinE1 in Aggressive Glioblastoma Tumors.

This study examined the role of the ubiquitin E3-ligase RNF123 in modulating downstream NF-κB1 targets in glioblastoma (GB) tumor progression. Our findings revealed an oncogenic pathway (miR-155-5p-RNF123-NF-κB1-p50-SerpinE1) that may represent a new therapeutic target pathway for GB patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 () WT (wild type). Mechanistically, we demonstrated that is downregulated in WT GB patients and leads to the reduction of p50 levels.

Predominance of triple wild-type and IGF2R mutations in mucosal melanomas.

Background: Primary mucosal melanoma (MM) is a rare subtype of melanoma that arises from melanocytes in the mucosa. MM has not been well profiled for mutations and its etiology is not well understood, rendering current treatment strategies unsuccessful. Hence, we investigated mutational landscape for MM to understand its etiology and to clarify mutations that are potentially relevant for MM treatment.

MiR-200a Regulates CDK4/6 Inhibitor Effect by Targeting CDK6 in Metastatic Melanoma.

The CDK4/6 pathway is frequently dysregulated in cutaneous melanoma. Recently, CDK4/6 inhibitors have shown promising clinical activity against several cancer types, including melanoma. Here, we show that microRNA-200a decreases CDK6 expression and thus reduces the response of CDK4/6 inhibitor in highly proliferative metastatic melanoma.

Epigenetic Regulation of KPC1 Ubiquitin Ligase Affects the NF-κB Pathway in Melanoma.

Abnormal activation of the NF-κB pathway induces a more aggressive phenotype of cutaneous melanoma. Understanding the mechanisms involved in melanoma NF-κB activation may identify novel targets for this pathway. KPC1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is a regulator of the NF-κB pathway.

Dual mechanisms of rapid expression of anxiety-related behavior in pilocarpine-treated epileptic mice.

A mouse model of epilepsy was generated by inducing status epilepticus (SE) for either 1.5 or 4.5h with pilocarpine to study anxiety-related behaviors, changes in the electroencephalogram of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and expression of hippocampal proteins.

Intraoperative colonoscopy in patients with colorectal cancer: Review of recent developments.

The use of intraoperative colonoscopy has increased alongside progress in the development of colonoscopy-associated devices and techniques, including the colonoscope itself. In the present review, we focus on four circumstances in which intraoperative colonoscopy is beneficial to colorectal surgery: (i) intraoperative determination of a tumor's location; (ii) observation of the proximal colon in cases of obstructive colorectal cancer; (iii) confirmation of the integrity of anastomosis; and (iv) novel surgical techniques that combine laparoscopic and endoscopic surgery. In light of the findings of our review, a combination of colonoscopy and surgery-especially laparoscopic surgery-is expected to facilitate the optimal handling of a variety of colorectal tumors, ranging from benign cases to advanced and obstructive cases.

Phosphatidylserine-specific phospholipase A1 (PS-PLA1) expression in colorectal cancer correlates with tumor invasion and hematogenous metastasis.

Background: The function of phosphatidylserine-specific phospholipase A1 (PS-PLA1), a phospholipase that acts specifically on phosphatidylserine and produces lysophosphatidylserine, a lysophospholipid mediator, has not been fully elucidated. We evaluated the role of PS-PLA1 in oncogenesis and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Materials And Methods: Specimens from 85 patients with CRC were immunostained with a monoclonal antibody against PS-PLA1.

MicroRNA-93 activates c-Met/PI3K/Akt pathway activity in hepatocellular carcinoma by directly inhibiting PTEN and CDKN1A.

To assess the role of microRNAs (miR) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we performed comprehensive microRNA expression profiling using HCC cell lines and identified miR-93 as a novel target associated with HCC. We further verified miR-93 expression levels in advanced HCC tumors (n=47) by a direct PCR assay and found that elevated miR-93 expression level is significantly correlated with poor prognosis. Elevated miR-93 expression significantly stimulated in vitro cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and additionally inhibited apoptosis.

A giant lymphatic cyst of the adrenal gland: report of a rare case and review of the literature.

Lymphatic type of adrenal cysts is most common; however, this type of endothelial cyst is quite rare in excessively large adrenal cysts. A 37-year-old Japanese woman was admitted to our institution with distension of her left flank and the upper quadrant of her abdomen. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a cystic lesion with a homogenous anechoic texture, and measuring 21 cm in diameter.

Lysophosphatidylserine stimulates chemotactic migration of colorectal cancer cells through GPR34 and PI3K/Akt pathway.

Background: Lysophosphatidylserine (lysoPS) is a type of lysophospholipid mediator, which is involved in allergic conditions and tumor progression. We investigated the physiological function of lysoPS on colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines, as well as the involved receptor and signaling pathways.

Materials And Methods: Expression of lysoPS receptors on six cell lines was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Proximal shift of colorectal cancer along with aging.

Introduction: Although several reports have documented the increased incidence of right-sided colorectal cancer (CRC) in the elderly, especially in women, the gender-specific, age-related changes in the characteristics of CRCs, especially related to the cancer localization, have not been fully investigated. This study evaluated the age-related changes in the clinicopathologic features of CRCs, according to the gender.

Materials And Methods: A total of 1059 consecutive patients with CRCs who were admitted to the authors' surgical department between February 2005 and June 2012 were retrospectively reviewed.

Temsirolimus and chloroquine cooperatively exhibit a potent antitumor effect against colorectal cancer cells.

Purpose: Temsirolimus (TEM) is a novel, water-soluble mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor that has shown activity against a wide range of cancers in preclinical models, but its efficacy against colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been fully explored.

Methods: We evaluated the antitumor effect of TEM in CRC cell lines (CaR-1, HT-29, Colon26) in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, cell growth inhibition was assessed using a MTS assay.