Long-Term Follow-up of a Randomized Controlled Trial on Accelerated Radiation Therapy Versus Standard Fractionated Radiation Therapy for Early Glottic Cancer (JCOG0701A3).

Purpose: We previously reported the primary results of JCOG0701, a randomized, multicenter, phase 3, noninferiority trial comparing accelerated fractionation (Ax) to standard fractionation (SF) for early glottic cancer. In the primary results, although the similar efficacy of 3-year progression-free survival and toxicity of Ax compared with SF was observed, the noninferiority of Ax was not confirmed statistically. To evaluate the long-term follow-up results of JCOG0701, we conducted JCOG0701A3 as an ancillary study of JCOG0701.

Prediction of Results of Radiotherapy With Ku70 Expression and an Artificial Neural Network.

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Evaluation of the urethral α/β ratio and tissue repair half-time for iodine-125 prostate brachytherapy with or without supplemental external beam radiotherapy.

Purpose: To assess the correlation between postimplant dosimetric quantifiers and the genitourinary (GU) toxicity of low-dose rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer.

Methods And Materials: The minimum urethral dose (UD10, 30, and 90) and the percent volume of the urethra receiving the prescription dose (V100, V150) were calculated from the postimplant dose-volume histograms of 182 patients. We then calculated various urethral biologically equivalent doses (uBEDs) using different values of the α/β ratio and tissue repair half-time (t1/2) and examined the correlations with GU toxicity.

Retrospective DVH analysis of point A based intracavitary brachytherapy for uterine cervical cancer.

Combining external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) is important for definitive treatment of cervical cancer. In cervical cancer patients receiving radiotherapy, we evaluated treatment outcomes in relation to dose-volume histogram parameters, including the computed tomography (CT)-based high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV) for ICBT. Between 2010 and 2015, 89 consecutive cervical cancer patients were mostly treated with 40 Gy of EBRT in 20 fractions and 18 Gy of ICBT prescribed to point A in 3 fractions.

Total Syntheses of (+)-Aquatolide and Related Humulanolides.

The short, efficient total synthesis of (+)-aquatolide was achieved by a biomimetic transannular [2+2] photocycloaddition, and provides the first example of constructing a 5/5/4/8-ring system from asteriscunolides. Furthermore, the reaction leading to a 5/4/4/7-ring system, the originally proposed structure of aquatolide, was also developed. This strategy achieved syntheses of five more humulanolides, (-)-asteriscunolides A, C, D, and I, and (+)-tetradehydroasteriscanolide.

Total Synthesis of Clavilactones.

Clavilactones A, B, and D are epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors that were isolated from cultures of the fungus Clitocybe clavipes. Here, we report full details of the total synthesis of these clavilactones. A key feature of our synthetic approach is a ring-opening/ring-closing metathesis strategy that allows the concise transformation of a cyclobutenecarboxylate into a γ-butenolide.

Prediction of acute gastrointestinal and genitourinary radiation toxicity in prostate cancer patients using lymphocyte microRNA.

Background: To search for novel biomarkers that can predict acute radiation toxicity, we conducted microRNA expression analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs).

Methods: The discovery cohort was 69 patients with localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate who received intensity-modulated radiation therapy between October 2007 and October 2010. The validation cohort was 72 patients treated with low-dose-rate brachytherapy between May 2008 and March 2014.

Total synthesis of (+)-clavilactone A and (-)-clavilactone B by ring-opening/ring-closing metathesis.

The enantioselective total synthesis of natural enantiomers of clavilactones A and B has been achieved. A key feature of the synthesis is the use of a ring-opening/ring-closing metathesis, which allows the one-pot transformation of a strained cyclobutenecarboxylate into a γ-butenolide.