Charge transfer mechanism through S-scheme heterojunction in in-situ synthesized TiO/Fe-doped hydroxyapatite for improved photodegradation of xanthate.

The heterojunction structure of the photocatalyst composite, which necessitates a robust interface and sufficient contact areas, holds the key to obtaining high charge carrier migration efficiency. Here, a novel composite, TiO nanoparticles/Fe-doped hydroxyapatite (TONPs/FH_CS), is fabricated using a two-step synthetic technique, in which FH_CS is synthesized from artificial converter slag enriched with Fe and Ca. The unique nanorod@plate structure of FH_CS enables the uniform immobilization of TONPs onto FH_CS.