Super-activator variants of the cyanobacterial transcriptional regulator ChlR essential for tetrapyrrole biosynthesis under low oxygen conditions.

ChlR is a MarR-type transcriptional regulator that activates the transcription of the operon in response to low oxygen conditions in the cyanobacterium sp. PCC 6803. Upon exposure to low oxygen conditions, ChlR activates transcription of the operon that encodes enzymes critical to tetrapyrrole biosynthesis under low oxygen conditions.

Loss of cytochrome cM stimulates cyanobacterial heterotrophic growth in the dark.

Although cyanobacteria are photoautotrophs, they have the capability for heterotrophic metabolism that enables them to survive in their natural habitat. However, cyanobacterial species that grow heterotrophically in the dark are rare. It remains largely unknown how cyanobacteria regulate heterotrophic activity.

A novel "oxygen-induced" greening process in a cyanobacterial mutant lacking the transcriptional activator ChlR involved in low-oxygen adaptation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis.

ChlR activates the transcription of the chlAII-ho2-hemN operon in response to low-oxygen conditions in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Three genes in the operon encode low-oxygen-type enzymes to bypass three oxygen-dependent reactions in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis.