Chronic fluoride induces neurotoxicity in zebrafish through the gut-brain axis.

Fluoride (F) is a common pollutant in aquatic environment. Chronic exposure to fluoride can cause toxicity to nervous system and behavior of fish. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear.

Identification and characterization of related substances in DTX-AI via LC-QTOF-HRMS.

10-O-4-Ketonephenyl carbamate docetaxel (DTX-AI) is a synthetic taxane compound that exerts antitumor effects by inhibiting microtubule depolymerization and promoting microtubule dimer synthesis. Owing to the poor water solubility of DTX-AI, the liposomal formulation for injection was developed and prepared. In vitro experiments showed that DTX-AI and its liposomal formulation outperformed DTX in terms of antitumor efficacy at much lower concentrations, with correspondingly lower toxicity.

Evaluation of the reliability and validity of the health literacy scale for HPV vaccination among parents of girls aged 9-14.

To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Health Literacy Scale for HPV Vaccination among parents of girls aged 9-14. A total of 830 parents of girls in grades 3-8 were sampled using convenience sampling in March-April 2024 in a school in a district of Shanghai, China, and item analysis was conducted using the critical ratio method, the correlation coefficient method, and Cronbach's alpha coefficients; Cronbach's alpha coefficients, Spearman-Brown split-half coefficients, and re-test reliability correlation coefficients were used for reliability evaluation, and content validity and validity factor analysis for validity testing. The scale was analyzed by item analysis to remove one indicator: "Whether a doctor's advice affects vaccination," and the final version of the scale consisted of 34 items divided into three dimensions: medical services (11 items), disease prevention (15 items) and health promotion (8 items).

Disruption of redox balance in glutaminolytic triple negative breast cancer by inhibition of glutaminase and glutamate export.

Resistance to chemotherapy is an important challenge in the clinical management of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Utilization of the amino acid glutamine as a key nutrient is a metabolic signature of TNBC featuring high glutaminase (GLS) activity and a large pool of cellular glutamate, which mediates intracellular enrichment of cystine via xCT (SLC7A11) antiporter activity. To overcome chemo-resistant TNBC, we identified a strategy of dual metabolic inhibition of GLS and xCT to sensitize resistant TNBC cells to chemotherapy.

An albumin-prodrug injectable formulation for synergistic cancer immunotherapy.

The emergence of immunotherapy has significantly transformed cancer therapy, and achieved promising outcomes. However, low patient response rates and the potential immune-related adverse events remain critical challenges, warranting extensive research. In this study, we developed an albumin-prodrug injection formulation (PIF) to enhance cancer immunotherapy.

The Innate Immune Sensor Zbp1 Mediates Central Nervous System Inflammation Induced by Angiostrongylus Cantonensis by Promoting Macrophage Inflammatory Phenotypes.

Angiostrongylus cantonensis (AC) is the leading cause of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis worldwide. The neuroimmune interactions between peripheral and central immune systems in angiostrongyliasis remain unclear. In this study, significant infiltration of eosinophils, myeloid cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and Ly6C monocytes is observed in the brains of AC-infected mice, with macrophages being the most abundant.

Oronasal mucosal melanoma is defined by two transcriptional subtypes in humans and dogs with implications for diagnosis and therapy.

Mucosal melanoma is a rare melanoma subtype associated with a poor prognosis and limited existing therapeutic interventions, in part due to a lack of actionable targets and translational animal models for preclinical trials. Comprehensive data on this tumour type are scarce, and existing data often overlooks the importance of the anatomical site of origin. We evaluated human and canine oronasal mucosal melanoma (OMM) to determine whether the common canine disease could inform the rare human equivalent.

Bioresponsive nanoreactor initiates cascade reactions for tumor vascular normalization and lactate depletion to augment immunotherapy.

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, abnormal tumor vasculature and excess lactate contribute to tumor immunosuppression and confer resistance to ICB therapy, seriously limiting its clinical application. Here, we have developed a bioresponsive nanoreactor, ALMn, which consists of hollow manganese dioxide nanoparticles with encapsulation of lactate oxidase and L-Arginine, to overcome immunosuppression and sensitize ICB therapy.

The Spatial Relationship Between Two Sympatric Pheasant Species and Various Human Disturbance Activities.

Establishing and managing nature reserves to mitigate wildlife habitat loss and fragmentation is challenging, particularly in the face of increasing human activity. To understand how wildlife coexists in environments affected by anthropogenic disturbances, we conducted a 19-month survey examining the Reeves's pheasant () and Koklass pheasant () in the Anhui Tianma National Nature Reserve, China. Previous studies of large terrestrial birds focused primarily on livestock impacts, with less attention given to other human activities.

Effect of Plate Thickness on the Laser-Welded Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 22MnB5 Hot-Forming Steel.

To meet the development and application needs of advanced high-strength steel, the laser welding of 22MnB5 hot-forming steel plates with thicknesses of 2 mm, 3 mm, and 4 mm was studied in this paper. Mechanical testing revealed that as plate thickness increased, the tensile strength of welded joints decreased from 1489 MPa to 1357 MPa and 1275 MPa, equating to 96%, 91%, and 88% of the corresponding base metal strength, respectively. The heat-affected zone exhibited the lowest mechanical properties.

Bicyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol-related meroterpenoids as potent DRAK2 inhibitors from Hypericum patulum.

As a both edible and medicinal plant, Hypericum patulum (Hypericaceae) is used as a natural herbal tea, scented tea, and folk medicine. In this study, eight undescribed bicyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol-related meroterpenoids named hyperpatins A-H, along with eight known ones, were isolated from this plant. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic techniques, chemical method, X-ray crystallographic experiments, and electronic circular dichroism analyses.

Mitigation PFHxA-induced neurotoxicity in Carassius auratus brain cells by selenium-enriched Bacillus subtilis via the BDNF/PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway.

As emerging contaminants growing threat to aquatic organisms, explore effective mitigation strategies is particularly important. Our previous studies have shown that selenium-rich Bacillus subtilis can not only alleviate the cause of brain damage by perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) in Carassius auratus via the intestinal axis of the brain, but its metabolites can also alleviate PFHxA toxicity. This study further explores the potential mechanism through in vitro experiments.

Association of triglyceride glucose index combined with obesity indicators with cognitive impairment.

Background: The association of a combination of the TyG index and obesity markers, specifically waist circumference (WC), with cognitive function is unknown. This research investigated the relationship between TyG-WC measurements and cognitive impairment in a low-income population in China; moreover, this study evaluated the role of diabetes mellitus and body mass index (BMI) in modulating this relationship.

Methods: 1125 eligible individuals aged ≥ 60 years participated in this study.

Study on the Properties of All-Solid Waste Fluidized Filling Materials Applied to Mine Void Area Filling Engineering.

The extraction of mining resources, as well as processing processes such as ore beneficiation and smelting, generate large amounts of tailings that are difficult to directly utilize. Meanwhile, substantial filling materials are required for the voids formed after mining operations, and the environmental issues and safety hazards brought on by massive solid waste disposal cannot be ignored. By utilizing solid waste with alkaline and pozzolanic activity as the binder component and gold tailings as filler aggregate to prepare filler material to fill up the void areas, the purpose of waste treatment can be achieved.

Triglyceride-glucose index prediction of stroke incidence risk in low-income Chinese population: a 10-year prospective cohort study.

Aim: The Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) index, an indicator of insulin resistance, has been proposed as a predictor of cardiovascular diseases. However, its role in predicting stroke risk, particularly in low-income populations, is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of the TyG index for stroke incidence in a low-income Chinese population, with a focus on gender and age-specific differences.

Synthesis of cytocompatible gum Arabic-encapsulated silver nitroprusside nanocomposites for inhibition of bacterial pathogens and food safety applications.

Silver nitroprusside (AgN) exhibits significant antibacterial activity; however, its inherent toxicity poses a major concern. This study synthesized AgN with enhanced antibacterial properties while minimizing toxicity. Gum Arabic (GA), a natural polysaccharide widely utilized in food and biomedical applications owing to its exceptional cytocompatibility, was selected for encapsulating AgN to mitigate toxicity while preserving or enhancing its biological activity.

Automation of simplified two-step radiolabeling via ditosylate synthon for F-labeled radiotracers using AllinOne module.

Direct fluorination of a tosylate or mesylate precursor has been a wide-spread and reliable way for radio-fluorination. This approach can be difficult to achieve when the precursor cannot be easily obtained or is chemically unstable. A possible alternative method is to radiolabel ethylene ditosylate or 1,3-propanediol di-p-tosylate to form a radiofluorinated synthon.

Inosine enhances the efficacy of immune-checkpoint inhibitors in advanced solid tumors: A randomized, controlled, Phase 2 study.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate whether inosine enhances the efficacy of immune-checkpoint inhibitors in human malignant solid tumors.

Methods: This single-center, prospective, randomized, open-label study was conducted, from January 2021 to December 2022, in Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, and participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to either the inosine (trial) or non-inosine (control) group that received inosine (dosage: 0.2 g, three times/day) + PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor or only PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor ± targeted ± chemotherapy, respectively.

LAMAIS: A library-aided approach for efficient 1D H NMR qualitative analysis in plant metabolomics.

Background: One-dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1D H NMR) spectroscopy is a non-destructive, non-targeted analytical technique providing both qualitative and quantitative insights, particularly beneficial for mixture analysis. However, the qualitative analysis of 1D H NMR spectra for mixture samples is laborious and time-consuming, involving extensive database searches and verification experiments like spiking. This process heavily relies on the analyst's expertise, leading to efficiency discrepancies.

Effects of Weizhuan'an on rats with precancerous lesions of gastric cancer based on regulating gastric mucosal microflora and inflammatory factors.

Objectives: This study aimed to observe the intervention of Weizhuan'an prescription on rats with precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (PLGC) as well as its regulation on gastric mucosal microflora and inflammatory factors and explore the pharmacodynamic mechanisms of Weizhuan'an Formula.

Methods: The rats were classified into the blank control group (BCG); low-, medium-, and high-dose groups of Weizhuan'an prescription (LDG, MDG, and HDG, respectively); and natural recovery group (NRG) at random. The rats in the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) group were given corresponding doses of Weizhuan'an formula, while the rats in the NRG and BCG were given an equivalent volume of distilled water for 12 weeks.

Associations between first-trimester screening biomarkers and maternal characteristics with gestational diabetes mellitus in Chinese women.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can result in adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Predicting those at high risk of GDM and early interventions can reduce the development of GDM. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between first-trimester prenatal screening biomarkers and maternal characteristics in relation to GDM in Chinese women.

Recent advances in photocatalytic nanomaterials for environmental remediation: Strategies, mechanisms, and future directions.

Innovative and efficient strategies are urgently needed for wastewater treatment and environmental remediation. The photocatalytic degradation properties of photo-responsive nanomaterials (NMs) have become a prime candidate due to their low negative impact and photo-adjustability. Photocatalytic NMs vary in their degradation of different pollutants depending on the type of synthetic material, excitation light source, and physicochemical properties.

Quality Assessment of TikTok as a Source of Information About Mitral Valve Regurgitation in China: Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: In China, mitral valve regurgitation (MR) is the most common cardiovascular valve disease. However, patients in China typically experience a high incidence of this condition, coupled with a low level of health knowledge and a relatively low rate of surgical treatment. TikTok hosts a vast amount of content related to diseases and health knowledge, providing viewers with access to relevant information.