Real-time computing for a holographic 3D display based on the sparse distribution of a 3D object and requisite Fourier spectrum.

In holographic three-dimensional (3D) displays, the surface structures of 3D objects are reconstructed without their internal parts. In diffraction calculations using 3D fast Fourier transform (FFT), this sparse distribution of 3D objects can reduce the calculation time as the Fourier transform can be analytically solved in the depth direction and the 3D FFT can be resolved into multiple two-dimensional (2D) FFTs. Moreover, the Fourier spectrum required for hologram generation is not the entire 3D spectrum but a partial 2D spectrum located on the hemispherical surface.

Characteristics, behaviour and role of biomarkers in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer.

Aims: Characterising the factors responsible for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is of significant importance, considering its high mortality rate and scant data. In this study, we evaluated the characteristics, clinical behaviour and role of biomarkers (androgen receptor (AR), oestrogen receptor beta (ERβ) and p53) in metastatic TNBC.

Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed for AR, ERβ and p53 on 125 primary TNBCs with known metastasis and correlated with clinicopathological parameters and outcome.

Chiral tectonics toward square planar tetranuclear Pd(ii) complexes: propagation of axial chirality through a long molecular axis.

An approach of molecular tectonics was applied to synthesize a tetranuclear Pd(ii) complex with axial chirality, [{(L)Pd(ii)(taet)Pd(ii)}(tpret)] (LH = benzoylacetone (bzacH) or 2-naphthoylacetone (npacH), taetH = 1,1,2,2-tetraacetylethane and tpretH = 1,1,2,2-tetrapropanoylethane). As a first step, a two-handed tecton, [{taetH}Pd(ii)](tpret)], was synthesized. Next monomeric Pd(ii) units were connected to both ends of the tecton to form a reactive tetranuclear intermediate, [{(hfac)Pd(ii)(taet)Pd(ii)}(tpret)] (hfacH = hexafluoroacetylacetone).