Allelopathic activities of three carotenoids, neoxanthin, crocin and β-carotene, assayed using protoplast co-culture method with digital image analysis.

Allelopathic activities of three carotenoids of a natural pigment group, neoxanthin, crocin and β-carotene, were assayed by the protoplast co-culture method with digital image analysis (DIA-PP method). Effects on three different growth stages of lettuce protoplasts, i.e.