[A Case of Synchronous Solitary Splenic Metastasis of Sigmoid Colon Cancer Treated with Laparoscopic Resection].

An 82-year-old woman presented to our hospital with chief complaints of lower abdominal pain and nausea. Contrast- enhanced CT showed ileus of sigmoid colon cancer and a solitary splenic tumor. A metallic stent was placed for the primary lesion.

Potential benefit of the cathepsin S inhibitor, ASP1617, as a treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the dysregulation of various cell types and immunological pathways. Autoantibodies play an important role in its pathogenesis. The presence of autoantibodies suggests that self-antigen presentation through major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II on antigen presenting cells is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including SLE.

Illusory Oscillation of the Central Rotation Axis.

In this study, we report a novel visual illusion for rotational motion, in which the central rotation axis of a partially invisible (apparent) square is perceived as exhibiting oscillatory rotation. To investigate the cause of this illusion, we measured the central position of a static apparent shape using an adjustment method (Experiment 1) and manipulated the speed of the rotating apparent square to test whether the illusion could be cancelled out by counteracting rotation using a constant method (Experiment 2). The results revealed that the perceived central position of a static apparent shape was shifted toward the outside.

The Effects of Inboard Shoulder Belt and Lap Belt Loadings on Chest Deflection.

Chest injuries occur frequently in frontal collisions. During impact, tension in the lap belt is transferred to the inboard shoulder belt, which compresses the lower ribs of the occupant. In this research, inboard shoulder belt and lap belt geometries and forces were investigated to reduce chest deflection.

Higher Serum C-reactive Protein Level Represents the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment in Patients With Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Introduction: C-reactive protein (CRP), a representative inflammatory marker, could serve as a biomarker in renal cell carcinoma because CRP is an important prognostic factor. However, its detailed mechanism remains unknown. This study showed that higher CRP levels correlated with the tumor immune microenvironment, which leads to a worse prognosis.

Effective suppression of donor specific antibody production by Cathepsin S inhibitors in a mouse transplantation model.

Donor-specific antibodies (DSA) are a major risk factor for antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) in solid organ transplantation, and ABMR remains a medical challenge. Therefore, effective anti-ABMR therapies are needed to improve overall graft survival. Cathepsin S (Cat S) is an essential protease for antigen peptide loading onto lysosomal/endosomal major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules to promote antigen presentation.

Detection of Second Primary Malignancies of the Esophagus and Hypophraynx in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients.

Objective: To assess the usefulness of modified esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for the detection of second primary malignancies of the esophagus or hypopharynx in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and determine the association between the oral lesion subsite and esophageal or hypopharyngeal lesion occurrence.

Study Design: Retrospective review.

Methods: In total, 166 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma without any established symptoms of esophageal or hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma underwent modified EGD based on the Valsalva maneuver and U-turn method, image-enhanced endoscopy, and chromoendoscopy using Lugol's iodine for diagnosis.

Discovery and structural characterization of peficitinib (ASP015K) as a novel and potent JAK inhibitor.

Janus kinases (JAKs) are considered promising targets for the treatment of autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) due to their important role in multiple cytokine receptor signaling pathways. Recently, several JAK inhibitors have been developed for the treatment of RA. Here, we describe the identification of the novel orally bioavailable JAK inhibitor 18, peficitinib (also known as ASP015K), which showed moderate selectivity for JAK3 over JAK1, JAK2, and TYK2 in enzyme assays.

Impact of Immunohistochemistry-Based Subtypes in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer on Response to Chemoradiation Therapy.

Purpose: A bladder-sparing strategy is a useful option for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), in which the response to chemoradiation therapy (CRT) is primarily important in achieving favorable oncologic outcomes. Our objective is to evaluate the impact of immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based subtyping in MIBC on prediction of CRT response.

Methods And Materials: Treatment protocol consisted of induction CRT followed by partial or radical cystectomy as consolidative surgery; 118 eligible patients with nonmetastatic MIBC were retrospectively analyzed.

Anatomical study of the left superior mediastinal lymphatics for tracheal branches of left recurrent laryngeal nerve-preserving mediastinoscope-assisted surgery in esophageal cancer.

Purpose: Curative treatment of esophageal cancer requires meticulous superior mediastinal lymphadenectomy, in addition to esophagectomy, because superior mediastinal lymph node metastases are common in esophageal cancer. When preserving the tracheal branches of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), good anatomical understanding is required for confirmation of the positional relationships between the courses of lymphatic vessels, lymph node distribution, and the left RLN and its tracheal branches. We performed a detailed anatomical examination of these relationships.

Application of low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy in cytopathology: To what extent can adenocarcinoma be morphologically distinguished from squamous cell carcinoma in lung cancer?

Background: Anticancer drugs for targeted molecular therapies have been applied to the treatment of lung cancer. Since the effects of medicine for adenocarcinoma (ADC) or squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) differ, the ability to discriminate these lesions is important. In the present study, we examined whether ADC and SQCC could be distinguished using low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM) to examine cytopathological specimens.

Case of Superficial Cancer Located at the Pharyngoesophageal Junction Which Was Dissected by Endoscopic Laryngopharyngeal Surgery Combined with Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection.

. In order to determine the indications of transoral surgery for a tumor located at the pharyngoesophageal junction, the trumpet maneuver with transnasal endoscopy was used. Its efficacy is reported here.

Frequency of Propionibacterium acnes Infection in Prostate Glands with Negative Biopsy Results Is an Independent Risk Factor for Prostate Cancer in Patients with Increased Serum PSA Titers.

Background: Propionibacterium acnes has recently been implicated as a cause of chronic prostatitis and this commensal bacterium may be linked to prostate carcinogenesis. The occurrence of intracellular P. acnes infection in prostate glands and the higher frequency of P.

Design, synthesis, and evaluation of 4,6-diaminonicotinamide derivatives as novel and potent immunomodulators targeting JAK3.

In organ transplantation, T cell-mediated immune responses play a key role in the rejection of allografts. Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) is specifically expressed in hematopoietic cells and associated with regulation of T cell development via interleukin-2 signaling pathway. Here, we designed novel 4,6-diaminonicotinamide derivatives as immunomodulators targeting JAK3 for prevention of transplant rejection.

Perceptual shrinkage of a one-way motion path with high-speed motion.

Back-and-forth motion induces perceptual shrinkage of the motion path, but such shrinkage is hardly perceived for one-way motion. If the shrinkage is caused by temporal averaging of stimulus position around the endpoints, it should also be induced for one-way motion at higher motion speeds. In psychophysical experiments with a high-speed projector, we tested this conjecture for a one-way motion stimulus at various speeds (4-100 deg/s) along a straight path.

Transient twinkle perception is induced by sequential presentation of stimuli that flicker at frequencies above the critical fusion frequency.

The critical fusion frequency (CFF) is a threshold that represents the temporal limits of the human visual system. If two flickering stimuli with equal subjective luminances are presented simultaneously at different locations, the CFF is the temporal frequency above which they cannot be distinguished. However, when the stimuli are presented sequentially at the same position, a transient twinkle can be perceived around the moment of the changeover.

Synthesis and evaluation of novel 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carboxamide derivatives as potent and orally efficacious immunomodulators targeting JAK3.

Janus kinases (JAKs) regulate various inflammatory and immune responses and are targets for the treatment of inflammatory and immune diseases. As a novel class of immunomodulators targeting JAK3, 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carboxamide derivatives are promising candidates for treating such diseases. In chemical modification of lead compound 2, the substitution of a cycloalkyl ring for an N-cyanopyridylpiperidine in C4-position was effective for increasing JAK3 inhibitory activity.

Discovery of 3,6-dihydroimidazo[4,5-d]pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-2(1H)-one derivatives as novel JAK inhibitors.

Because Janus kinases (JAKs) play a crucial role in cytokine-mediated signal transduction, JAKs are an attractive target for the treatment of organ transplant rejection and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To identify JAK inhibitors, we focused on the 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine derivative 3, which exhibited moderate JAK3 and JAK1 inhibitory activities. Optimization of 3 identified the tricyclic imidazo-pyrrolopyridinone derivative 19, which exhibited potent JAK3 and JAK1 inhibitory activities (IC50=1.

Synthesis and evaluation of 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives as novel immunomodulators targeting Janus kinase 3.

Janus kinases (JAKs) have been known to play crucial roles in modulating a number of inflammatory and immune mediators. Here, we describe a series of 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives as novel immunomodulators targeting JAK3 for use in treating immune diseases such as organ transplantation. In the chemical modification of compound 6, the introduction of a carbamoyl group to the C5-position and substitution of a cyclohexylamino group at the C4-position of the 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine ring led to a large increase in JAK3 inhibitory activity.