Self-assembling bilayer wiring with highly conductive liquid metal and insulative ion gel layers.

Ga-based liquid metals (LMs) are expected to be suitable for wiring highly deformable devices because of their high electrical conductivity and stable resistance to extreme deformation. Injection and printed wiring, and wiring using LM-polymer composites are the most popular LM wiring approaches. However, additional processing is required to package the wiring after LM patterning, branch and interrupt wiring shape, and ensure adequate conductivity, which results in unnecessary wiring shape changes and increased complexity of the wiring methods.

Neonatal wearable device for colorimetry-based real-time detection of jaundice with simultaneous sensing of vitals.

Neonatal jaundice occurs in >80% of newborns in the first week of life owing to physiological hyperbilirubinemia. Severe hyperbilirubinemia could cause brain damage owing to its neurotoxicity, a state commonly known as kernicterus. Therefore, periodic bilirubin monitoring is essential to identify infants at-risk and to initiate treatment including phototherapy.

Transformable Electrocardiograph Using Robust Liquid-Solid Heteroconnector.

In this study, a highly transformable electrocardiograph that can considerably deform the position of stretchable electrodes based on the lead method for diagnosing heart disease was developed; these electrodes exhibited high resistance stability against considerable stretching and multiple stretching. To realize the large deformable functionality of the electrodes of a system, liquid metal electrodes and a heteroconnector composed of a liquid metal paste and carbon-based conductive rubber were employed. The developed device can achieve a 200% strain with only 6% resistance change and a high stability of resistances after the 100-time stretching test.

Highly stretchable sensing array for independent detection of pressure and strain exploiting structural and resistive control.

Stretchable physical sensors are crucial for the development of advanced electrical systems, particularly wearable devices and soft robotics. Currently available stretchable sensors that detect both pressure and strain are based on piezoelectric, piezoresistive, or piezocapacitive effects. The range of pressure sensing is 1-800 kPa with large deformations being within the range of deformations of parts of the human body, such as elbows and knees.

Vertical profiles of Fukushima Dai-ichi NPP-derived radiocesium concentrations in the waters of the southwestern Okhotsk Sea (2011-2017).

We examined the vertical Cs and Cs concentration profiles in the southwestern Okhotsk Sea in 2011, 2013, and 2017. In June 2011, atmospheric deposition-derived Cs from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) was detected at depths of 0-200 m (0.06-0.

Evolution of cannibalism: referring to costs of cannibalism.

A rational explanation for cannibalism is that it would be favored under conditions of crowding of conspecific individuals and/or low availability of alternative prey with the fear of starvation, so as to maximize individual fitness. Cannibalism has, however, not evolved and is not maintained by a simple individual optimization, while it has evolved and is maintained as a game among population members. We analysed the attainable state of an evolutionary cannibalism game within a framework that reflects the minimum essence of cause-effect in the cannibalism phenomenon.

Variant evolutionary trees under phenotypic variance.

Evolutionary branching, which is a coevolutionary phenomenon of the development of two or more distinctive traits from a single trait in a population, is the issue of recent studies on adaptive dynamics. In previous studies, it was revealed that trait variance is a minimum requirement for evolutionary branching, and that it does not play an important role in the formation of an evolutionary pattern of branching. Here we demonstrate that the trait evolution exhibits various evolutionary branching paths starting from an identical initial trait to different evolutional terminus traits as determined by only changing the assumption of trait variance.