- MPIase is a glycolipid critical for protein insertion and translocation in E. coli, particularly upregulated in cold conditions to assist with the cold-sensitive protein export.
- The peptide MucA, encoded by an open reading frame near the cdsA gene, is essential for increasing MPIase production in cold temperatures.
- Adding partially purified MucA to the MPIase biosynthesis process boosts product formation, indicating its important role in this pathway.