Adsorption of oral antibacterial agents on zirconia surfaces with different crystal systems.

Zirconia ceramics are widely used as dental prosthetics owing to their high biocompatibility, excellent mechanical strength, and aesthetic properties similar to color tones of natural teeth. However, there exists a growing demand for the facile attachment of antibacterial properties in long-term dental restoration. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the adsorption ability of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and benzalkonium chloride (BKC)-quaternary amines widely used as antibacterial substances in commercial toothpaste and other oral care products-onto zirconia surfaces with tetragonal and monoclinic crystal structures.

Eichner classification based on panoramic X-ray images using deep learning: A pilot study.

Background: Research using panoramic X-ray images using deep learning has been progressing in recent years. There is a need to propose methods that can classify and predict from image information.

Objective: In this study, Eichner classification was performed on image processing based on panoramic X-ray images.

IL-6 Reduces Spheroid Sizes of Osteophytic Cells Derived from Osteoarthritis Knee Joint via Induction of Apoptosis.

Osteophytes in osteoarthritis (OA) joints contribute to restriction of joint movement, joint pain, and OA progression, but little is known about osteophyte regulators. Examination of gene expression related to cartilage extracellular matrix, endochondral ossification, and growth factor signaling in articular cartilage and osteophytes obtained from OA knee joints showed that several genes such as COL1A1, VCAN, BGLAP, BMP8B, RUNX2, and SOST were overexpressed in osteophytes compared with articular cartilage. Ratios of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells, which were characterized by co-expression of CD105 and CD166, were significantly higher in osteophytic cells than articular cells.

Mechanochemical synthesis of cerium chlorapatite from a mixture of cerium chloride heptahydrate, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, and calcium hydroxide for biomedical application.

Background: Cerium ions promote osteoclastogenesis and activate bone metabolism, while cerium oxide nanoparticles exhibit potent anti-inflammatory properties, making them promising for biomedical applications.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a synthesis method for sustained-release cerium-ion bioceramics containing apatite. Substituted apatite was found to be an effective biomaterial.

PPARα Induces the Expression of CAR That Works as a Negative Regulator of PPARα Functions in Mouse Livers.

The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a transcription factor that controls the transcription of genes responsible for fatty acid metabolism. We have recently reported a possible drug-drug interaction mechanism via the interaction of PPARα with the xenobiotic nuclear receptor constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Drug-activated CAR competes with the transcriptional coactivator against PPARα and prevents PPARα-mediated lipid metabolism.

Interaction mode of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin with vaccine adjuvant components Tween 80 and Triton X-100 revealed by fluorescence increasing-quenching analysis.

The nonionic surfactants Tween 80 (Tw80) and Triton X-100 (TX100), which are used as components of adjuvants, were used with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and hydroxfypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) as model antigens. The interaction patterns of Tw80 and TX100 with the hydrophobic cores of the model antigens were investigated. The fluorescence of 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (ANS), a hydrophobic fluorescent probe, was used to evaluate the effect of surfactants on each model antigen.

Positive feedback regulation of expression robustly shapes a steep Wnt gradient in heart development, together with sFRP1 and heparan sulfate.

Secreted molecules called morphogens govern tissue patterning in a concentration-dependent manner. However, it is still unclear how reproducible patterning can be achieved with diffusing molecules, especially when that patterning concerns differentiation of thin tissues. Wnt is a morphogen that organizes cardiac development.

Effects of Quercetin Glycoside Supplementation Combined With Low-Intensity Resistance Training on Muscle Quantity and Stiffness: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Objective: Aging of skeletal muscle is characterized not only by a decrease of muscle quantity but also by changes in muscle quality, such as an increase in muscle stiffness. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of supplementation with quercetin glycosides (QGs), well-known polyphenolic flavonoids, combined with resistance exercise on muscle quantity and stiffness.

Materials And Methods: A randomized, controlled trial was conducted in community-dwelling, Japanese people aged 50-74 years who were randomly allocated to exercise with placebo or 200 or 500 mg of QG supplementation.

Saturated adsorption of lidocaine and coal tar dyes onto porous polytetrafluoroethylene.

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has excellent physical properties and has been used in a wide range of applications in various fields. Adsorption research on PTFE is essential as primary research for the further application of PTFE. We attempted to adsorb coal tar dyes and model drugs such as lidocaine onto PTFE as a guideline to search for medicines that adsorb onto PTFE.

Effects of resistance training intensity on muscle quantity/quality in middle-aged and older people: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: A sarcopenia diagnosis is confirmed by the presence of low muscle quantity or quality under the 2018 revised definition by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2. Imaging methods [i.e.

Enthalpy-Entropy Compensation in the Structure-Dependent Effect of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs on the Aqueous Solubility of Diltiazem.

Certain combinations of acidic and basic drugs can cause significant changes in physicochemical properties through the formation of ionic liquids, eutectic mixtures, or deep eutectic solvents. In particular, combining indomethacin and lidocaine is known to result in apparent increases in both the partition coefficients (hydrophobicity) and aqueous solubilities (hydrophilicity). The physicochemical interactions between drugs change the water solubility of the drugs and affect the bio-availability of active pharmaceutical ingredients.

Increased selectivity of sodium deoxycholate to around Tryptophan213 in bovine serum albumin upon micellization as revealed by singular value decomposition for excitation emission matrix.

In the present study, we investigated the effect of bile salts (sodium deoxycholate, NaDC) on the conformation of a globular protein (bovine serum albumin, BSA). The two Tryptophan (Trp) residues of BSA and the fluorescence energy of NaDC are in a three-way relationship, and singular value decomposition (SVD) was used to separate each element in the fluorescence spectra. SVD was used to separate the elements in the fluorescence spectra.

Comparative study of the hydrophobic interaction effect of pH and ionic strength on aggregation/emulsification of Congo red and amyloid fibrillation of insulin.

Amyloid fibrillation is provoked by the conformational rearrangement of its source. In our previous study, we claimed that the conformational rearrangement of hen egg white lysozyme requires intermolecular aggregation/packing induced. Our proposed causality of the aggregation and amyloid formation was demonstrated by the quantitative dependence of amyloid fibrillation on pH difference from its isoelectric point (pI) and on the square root of ionic strength in order to reduce the intermolecular repulsion due to the shielding effect of electrolytes (DLVO effect).

Predictive evaluation of multicomponent direct compress model tablets by integrating sphere UV-Vis spectroscopy and chemometrics.

Background: Control of the pharmaceutical manufacturing process and active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) is essential to product formulation and bioavailability.

Objective: The aim of this study is to predict tablet surface API concentration by chemometrics using integrating sphere UV-Vis spectroscopy, a non-destructive and contact-free measurement method.

Methods: Riboflavin, pyridoxine hydrochloride, dicalcium phosphate anhydrate, and magnesium stearate were mixed and ground with a mortar and pestle, and 100 mg samples were subjected to direct compression at a compaction pressure of 6 MPa at 7 mm diameter.

Leading individual features of antioxidant systematically classified by the ORAC assay and its single electron transfer and hydrogen atom transfer reactivities; analyzing ALS therapeutic drug Edaravone.

Many natural compounds mop up radicals and limit radical reactions and may prove useful in reducing or preventing oxidative stress-related diseases in vivo. Several assays have been developed to measure antioxidant or anti-radical activity. Here, we measured the anti-radical activities of representative antioxidants using different assays.

Singular value decomposition analysis of the secondary structure features contributing to the circular dichroism spectra of model proteins.

Amyloid fibril formation occurs in restricted environment, such as the interface between intercellular fluids and bio-membranes. Conformational interconversion from α-helix to β-structure does not progress in fluids; however, it can occur after sedimentary aggregation during amyloid fibril formation induced by heat treatment of hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL). Secondary structures of various proteins and denatured proteins titrated with 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) were examined using their CD spectra.

Characteristics of the Passive Muscle Stiffness of the Vastus Lateralis: A Feasibility Study to Assess Muscle Fibrosis.

Skeletal muscle fibrosis occurs with aging and has been suggested to impair muscle performance, thereby decreasing quality of life. Recently, muscle stiffness, a surrogate measure of muscle fibrosis, was noninvasively quantified as the shear modulus using ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) in humans. We aimed to investigate thigh muscle stiffness in females and males, respectively, across a broad range of ages by using SWE.

Stabilization of the Metastable α-Form of Indomethacin Induced by the Addition of 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin, Causing Supersaturation (Spring) and Its Sustaining Deployment (Parachute).

The purpose of this study is to find that a small amount of 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) can produce a parachute effect on indomethacin (INM). From the examination of dissolution curves and concentration after several days, the supersaturation of INM was observed for the mixtures containing HP-β-CD at a molar ratio ≤ 0.5, and the sustained deployment of supersaturation was found not only in equimolar mixtures but also in mixtures with a shortage of HP-β-CD.

Experimental Study on the Raman Spectra of Imine Emulsification with Chemometrics.

In this study, we aimed to investigate imine emulsification using Raman spectroscopy with chemometrics. The imine emulsification samples were obtained by mixing aldehydes and amines in methanol and aqueous methanol. The Raman spectra of the samples were measured over time between 400 and 2300 cm every 40 s using a Raman spectrometer.

Dry and Wet Mechanochemical Synthesis of Piroxicam and Saccharin Co-Crystals and Evaluation by Powder X-Ray Diffraction, Thermal Analysis and Mid- and Near- Infrared Spectroscopy.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of dry and wet mechanochemical synthesis on piroxicam (PX) and saccharin (SA) mixtures. For this purpose, PX and SA mixtures prepared by wet mechanochemical processes using three solvents and by dry mechanochemical synthesis were evaluated by mid-and near-infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The mixtures of wet-type products were transformed into PX/SA 1:1 co-crystals.

Three-dimensional quantification of twisting in the Arabidopsis petiole.

Organisms have a variety of three-dimensional (3D) structures that change over time. These changes include twisting, which is 3D deformation that cannot happen in two dimensions. Twisting is linked to important adaptive functions of organs, such as adjusting the orientation of leaves and flowers in plants to align with environmental stimuli (e.