Comparison of the Quality of Lymphatic Vessel Images Obtained Using Two Photoacoustic Imaging Systems.

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) can evaluate lymphatic vessels with a high resolution (0.2 mm) compared with other methods. LUB0, a new PAI device that is smaller than the PAI-05 used since 2020 (both from Luxonus, Inc.

Tumor Regression Following Engineered Polyomavirus-Specific T Cell Therapy in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Refractory Merkel Cell Carcinoma.

Although immune check-point inhibitors (CPIs) revolutionized treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), patients with CPI-refractory MCC lack effective therapy. More than 80% of MCC express T-antigens encoded by Merkel cell polyomavirus, which is an ideal target for T-cell receptor (TCR)-based immunotherapy. However, MCC often repress HLA expression, requiring additional strategies to reverse the downregulation for allowing T cells to recognize their targets.

Reliability-Aware Restoration Framework for 4D Spectral Photoacoustic Data.

Spectral photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a new technology that is able to provide 3D geometric structure associated with 1D wavelength-dependent absorption information of the interior of a target in a non-invasive manner. It has potentially broad applications in clinical and medical diagnosis. Unfortunately, the usability of spectral PAI is severely affected by a time-consuming data scanning process and complex noise.

Specific in situ inflammatory states associate with progression to renal failure in lupus nephritis.

BACKGROUNDIn human lupus nephritis (LN), tubulointerstitial inflammation (TII) on biopsy predicts progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, only about half of patients with moderate-to-severe TII develop ESRD. We hypothesized that this heterogeneity in outcome reflects different underlying inflammatory states.

Innate-like self-reactive B cells infiltrate human renal allografts during transplant rejection.

Intrarenal B cells in human renal allografts indicate transplant recipients with a poor prognosis, but how these cells contribute to rejection is unclear. Here we show using single-cell RNA sequencing that intrarenal class-switched B cells have an innate cell transcriptional state resembling mouse peritoneal B1 or B-innate (Bin) cells. Antibodies generated by Bin cells do not bind donor-specific antigens nor are they enriched for reactivity to ubiquitously expressed self-antigens.

Effects of polymers on the cavitating flow around a cylinder: A large-scale molecular dynamics analysis.

The cavitation flow of linear-polymer solutions around a cylinder is studied by performing a large-scale molecular dynamics simulation. The addition of polymer chains remarkably suppresses cavitation. The polymers are stretched into a linear shape near the cylinder and entrained in the vortex behind the cylinder.

Rotational Dynamics of Water at the Phospholipid Bilayer Depending on the Head Groups Studied by Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

Hydration states are a crucial factor that affect the self-assembly and properties of soft materials and biomolecules. Although previous experiments have revealed that the hydration state strongly depends on the chemical structure of lipid molecules, the mechanisms at the molecular level remain unknown. Classical and density-functional tight-binding (DFTB) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are employed to determine the mechanisms underlying dissimilar water dynamics between lipid membranes with phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) head groups.

Machine Learning to Quantify Humoral Selection in Human Lupus Tubulointerstitial Inflammation.

In human lupus nephritis, tubulointerstitial inflammation (TII) is associated with expansion of B cells expressing anti-vimentin antibodies (AVAs). The mechanism by which AVAs are selected is unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that AVA somatic hypermutation (SHM) and selection increase affinity for vimentin.

Molecular dynamics simulation of soundwave propagation in a simple fluid.

A molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was performed to study the propagation of soundwaves in a fluid. Soundwaves are generated by a sinusoidally oscillating wall and annihilated by a locally applied Langevin thermostat near the opposite wall. The waveform changes from sinusoidal to sawtooth with increasing wave amplitude.

Depth Sensing by Near-Infrared Light Absorption in Water.

This paper introduces a novel depth recovery method based on light absorption in water. Water absorbs light at almost all wavelengths whose absorption coefficient is related to the wavelength. Based on the Beer-Lambert model, we introduce a bispectral depth recovery method that leverages the light absorption difference between two near-infrared wavelengths captured with a distant point source and orthographic cameras.

Effects of cavitation on Kármán vortex behind circular-cylinder arrays: A molecular dynamics study.

The effects of cavitation on the flow around a circular-cylinder array are studied by using a molecular dynamics simulation. Cavitation significantly affects vortex shedding characteristics. As the cavitation develops, the vibration acting on the cylinders decreases and eventually disappears.

Estimation of Wetness and Color from a Single Multispectral Image.

Recognizing wet surfaces and their degrees of wetness is essential for many computer vision applications. Surface wetness can inform us slippery spots on a road to autonomous vehicles, muddy areas of a trail to humanoid robots, and the freshness of groceries to us. The fact that surfaces darken when wet, i.

Polymer effects on Kármán vortex: Molecular dynamics study.

We investigated the Kármán vortex behind a circular cylinder in a polymer solution by a molecular dynamics simulation. The vortex characteristics are distinctly different for short and long polymers. The solution with the long polymer exhibits a reduction in the vortex shedding frequency and broadening of the lift coefficient spectrum.

Structure of a molecular liquid GeI4.

A molecular liquid GeI4 is a candidate that undergoes a pressure-induced liquid-to-liquid phase transition. This study establishes the reference structure of the low-pressure liquid phase. Synchrotron x-ray diffraction measurements were carried out at several temperatures between the melting and the boiling points under ambient pressure.

Individual Colorimetric Observer Model.

This study proposes a vision model for individual colorimetric observers. The proposed model can be beneficial in many color-critical applications such as color grading and soft proofing to assess ranges of color matches instead of a single average match. We extended the CIE 2006 physiological observer by adding eight additional physiological parameters to model individual color-normal observers.

Phase diagram of the modified Lennard-Jones system.

An investigation of the precise determination of melting temperature in the modified Lennard-Jones system under pressure-free conditions [Y. Asano and K. Fuchizaki, J.