Cystine and tyrosine feed reduces oxidative and ER stress in CHO cells.

Multi-omics analyses was performed to compare the conditions of adding Tyr and Cystine in CHO cells. The addition of cystine resulted in decreased viability and productivity owing to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the promotion of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and apoptosis. In contrast, addition of Tyr suppressed ER stress and apoptosis.

Single-molecule imaging analysis of elementary reaction steps of Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase I (Cel7A) hydrolyzing crystalline cellulose Iα and IIII.

Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase I (TrCel7A) is a molecular motor that directly hydrolyzes crystalline celluloses into water-soluble cellobioses. It has recently drawn attention as a tool that could be used to convert cellulosic materials into biofuel. However, detailed mechanisms of action, including elementary reaction steps such as binding, processive hydrolysis, and dissociation, have not been thoroughly explored because of the inherent challenges associated with monitoring reactions occurring at the solid/liquid interface.