Concentrated Nonaqueous Polyelectrolyte Solutions: High Na-Ion Transference Number and Surface-Tethered Polyanion Layer for Sodium-Metal Batteries.

Na metal is a promising anode material for the preparation of next-generation high-energy-density sodium-ion batteries; however, the high reactivity of Na metal severely limits the choice of electrolyte. In addition, rapid charge-discharge battery systems require electrolytes with high Na-ion transport properties. Herein, we demonstrate a stable and high-rate sodium-metal battery enabled by a nonaqueous polyelectrolyte solution composed of a weakly coordinating polyanion-type Na salt, poly[(4-styrenesulfonyl)-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide] (poly(NaSTFSI)) copolymerized with butyl acrylate, in a propylene carbonate solution.

Li-Ion Transport and Solvation of a Li Salt of Weakly Coordinating Polyanions in Ethylene Carbonate/Dimethyl Carbonate Mixtures.

Electrolytes with a high Li-ion transference number () have attracted significant attention for the improvement of the rapid charge-discharge performance of Li-ion batteries (LIBs). Nonaqueous polyelectrolyte solutions exhibit high upon immobilization of the anion on a polymer backbone. However, the transport properties and Li-ion solvation in these media are not fully understood.

Characterization of iris pattern stretches and application to the measurement of roll axis eye movements.

Eye movements are utilized in many scientific studies as a probe that reflects the neural representation of 3 dimensional extrapersonal space. This study proposes a method to accurately measure the roll component of eye movements under the conditions in which the pupil diameter changes. Generally, the iris pattern matching between a reference and a test iris image is performed to estimate roll angle of the test image.