Preservation of nasal function in paramedian endoscopic endonasal approaches: patient series.

Background: The endoscopic endonasal approach to paramedian skull base lesions has garnered increasing attention in recent reports. However, it is still a challenging approach. While the primary objective of the approach is the maximal removal of tumors through a minimally invasive procedure, discussions of the approach rarely include information about the maximum preservation of nasal structures.

Endoscopic Management of a Case of Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Anterior Skull Base.

Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (sCSF) leaks are rare, and their diagnosis and treatment often present significant challenges. This paper discusses and reports cases experienced at our facility. We retrospectively reviewed three of five cases of sCSF leaks experienced at the Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Kyushu University, from December 2020 to December 2022, excluding CSF otorrhea.

Radical C-Glycosylation Using Photoexcitable Unprotected Glycosyl Borate.

We have developed radical C-glycosylation using photoexcitable unprotected glycosyl borate. The direct excitation of glycosyl borate under visible light irradiation enabled the generation of anomeric radical without any photoredox catalysts. The in situ generated anomeric radical was applicable to the radical addition such as Giese-type addition and Minisci-type reaction to introduce alkyl and heteroaryl groups at the anomeric position.

The importance of the palatine bone for endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery.

Endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery is increasingly prevalent, with its scope expanding from pathogens in the midline region to those in the paramedian region. Maximizing anterior sphenoidectomy is important for the median approach, and lateralizing the pterygopalatine fossa is crucial for the paramedian approach. Maximizing the surgical corridor in the nasal cavity and minimizing damage to neurovascular structures are vital for establishing a surgical field with minimal bleeding, ensuring safe, precise, and gentle procedures.

Radical Caging Strategy for Cholinergic Optopharmacology.

Photo-caged methodologies have been indispensable for elucidating the functional mechanisms of pharmacologically active molecules at the cellular level. A photo-triggered removable unit enables control of the photo-induced expression of pharmacologically active molecular function, resulting in a rapid increase in the concentration of the bioactive compound near the target cell. However, caging the target bioactive compound generally requires specific heteroatom-based functional groups, limiting the types of molecular structures that can be caged.

Takedown and Reuse of a Posterior Septal Nasal Floor Mucosal Flap for Skull Base Reconstruction in a Revision Surgery for a Recurrent Pituitary Tumor.

Various types of mucosal flaps can be used for skull base reconstruction after endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery (EESS). Preventing postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is essential. Flap creation during revision surgery can be problematic.

The sphenopalatine vein: anatomical study of a rarely described structure.

Although in counterpart, the sphenopalatine artery (SPA), has been well described in the medical literature, the sphenopalatine vein (SPV) has received scant attention. Therefore, the present anatomical study was performed. Additionally, we discuss the variations, embryology, and clinical significance of the SPV.

Human papillomavirus-related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma: A report of two patients and review of the literature.

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma (HMSC) is a recently described sinonasal tract tumor that is associated with high-risk HPV subtype infection. Despite histological features that are suggestive of a high-grade malignant tumor, the prognosis of HMSC is relatively good; however, the clinical features of this tumor are poorly understood. Here, we describe two patients with HMSC.

Endonasal endoscopic surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy associated with sphenoidal encephalocele.

Background: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) associated with temporal lobe encephalocele is rare, and the precise epileptogenic mechanisms and surgical strategies for such cases are still unknown. Although the previous studies have reported good seizure outcomes following chronic subdural electrode recording through invasive craniotomy, only few studies have reported successful epilepsy surgery through endoscopic endonasal lesionectomy.

Case Description: An 18-year-old man developed generalized convulsions at the age of 15 years.

Generation of Functionalized Alkyl Radicals via the Direct Photoexcitation of 2,2'-(Pyridine-2,6-diyl)diphenol-Based Borates.

A new type of alkylborate was developed for the purpose of generating radicals via direct photoexcitation. These borates were prepared using 2,2'-(pyridine-2,6-diyl)diphenol as a tridentate ligand together with organoboronic acids or potassium trifluoroborates. The ready availability of organoboron compounds is a significant advantage of this direct photoexcitation protocol.

Optimal Management of the Unilateral Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Involvement in Patients with Thyroid Cancer.

We aimed to determine the optimal management of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) involvement in thyroid cancer. We enrolled 80 patients with unilateral RLN involvement in thyroid cancer between 2000 and 2016. Eleven patients with preoperatively functional vocal folds (VFs) underwent sharp tumor resection to preserve the RLN (shaving group).

A Pedicled Posterior Septal-Nasal Floor Flap and a Novel Rescue Flap for Skull Base Reconstruction.

Objective: We devised a new surgical alternative to the conventional nasoseptal flap, a pedicled posterior septal-nasal floor flap that we named the Kegon flap. We evaluated the effectiveness of this flap for skull base reconstruction in patients with high-flow cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage after sellar/parasellar tumor resection.

Methods: The Kegon flap with a novel rescue flap was designed to preserve blood flow and mucosa anterior to the nasal septum and to avoid flap damage during surgery.

Treatment Outcomes of Pulmonary Metastases from Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Although the lung is the most common site of distant metastases from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the number of reports about the effects of pulmonary metastasectomy for the treatment of lung metastasis from HNSCC is limited. Metachronous pulmonary metastases were detected in 45 HNSCC patients at Kumamoto University Hospital from 1998 to 2018. Twenty-two patients underwent an operative resection (Ope group) and 23 underwent chemotherapy (Chemo group).

Long-term effectiveness, safety, and quality of life outcomes following endoscopic posterior nasal neurectomy with submucosal turbinectomy for the treatment of intractable severe chronic rhinitis.

Objective: In recent decades, posterior nasal neurectomy (PNN) with submucosal inferior turbinectomy (ST) has been increasingly used for the treatment of intractable severe rhinitis; however, to the best of our knowledge, there have been few studies regarding its long-term therapeutic effects or its influence on patient quality of life (QOL). Therefore, this study examined the long-term therapeutic effects in patients who underwent PNN with ST, as well as their QOL and medication use after surgery.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study initially included 16 consecutive patients who underwent PNN with ST from January 2010 to December 2011.

The pterygospinous and pterygoalar ligaments and their relationship to the mandibular nerve: Application to a better understanding of various forms of trigeminal neuralgia.

Introduction: Ossification of the pterygospinous and pterygoalar ligaments has been well documented forming pterygospinous and pterygoalar bars. However, the actual ligaments have been rarely shown in the existing literature. Therefore, this study aimed to reveal the anatomy of the pterygoalar ligament/bar and pterygospinous ligament/bar, and its relationship with the branches of the mandibular nerve.

Clinicopathological analysis of sinonasal malignant lymphoma in an HTLV-1 endemic area in Japan -special focus on primary sinonasal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

The present study investigated histological subtypes of lymphoma in patients newly diagnosed with malignant lymphoma in the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) endemic area of Japan, and further analyzed the clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes of patients with primary sinonasal lymphoma. We retrospectively examined 151 patients aged 18-90 years in Fukuoka, Japan. Subtypes of lymphoma were determined according to the WHO classification.

Engineering fructosyl peptide oxidase to improve activity toward the fructosyl hexapeptide standard for HbA1c measurement.

The recently discovered fructosyl peptide oxidase from Phaeosphaeria nodorum (PnFPOX) was demonstrated to react with the glycated hexapeptide measurement standard of hemoglobin A1c, fVHLTPE. The highly reactive Coniochaeta FPOX (FPOX-C) showed no detectable activity with the hexapeptide. Two loop regions were identified as having important effects on the enzymatic properties of FPOX.

Substrate specificity engineering of Escherichia coli derived fructosamine 6-kinase.

A three-dimensional structural model of Escherichia coli fructosamine 6-kinase (FN6K), an enzyme that phosphorylates fructosamines at C6 and catalyzes the production of the fructosamine 6-phosphate stable intermediate, was generated using the crystal structure of 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate kinase isolated from Thermus thermophilus as template. The putative active site region was then investigated by site-directed mutagenesis to reveal several amino acid residues that likely play important roles in the enzyme reaction. Met220 was identified as a residue that plays a role in substrate recognition when compared to Bacillus subtilis derived FN6K, which shows different substrate specificity from the E.

Radiation exposure to general public after permanent brachytherapy for prostate cancer.

Permanent prostate brachytherapy patients are generally told to limit their time around children and pregnant women. However, there is little data available to validate the instruction. For the skin effective dose rate, ion chamber survey meter model 451B-DE-SI was used.

Smiling reduces masculinity: principal component analysis applied to facial images.

We examined the effect of facial expression on the assignment of gender to facial images. A computational analysis of the facial images was applied to examine whether physical aspects of the face itself induced this effect. Thirty-six observers rated the degree of masculinity of the faces of 48 men, and the degree of femininity of the faces of 48 women.

Hemocompatibility of a hydrodynamic levitation centrifugal blood pump.

A noncontact type centrifugal pump without any complicated control or sensing modules has been developed as a long-term implantable artificial heart. Centrifugal pumps with impellers levitated by original hydrodynamic bearings were designed and have been modified through numerical analyses and in vitro tests. The hemolysis level was reduced by changing the pressure distribution around the impeller and subsequently expanding the bearing gap.

A comparative study between flow visualization and computational fluid dynamic analysis for the sun medical centrifugal blood pump.

Flow visualization experiments and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analyses were performed and the results were compared to clarify the detailed fluid dynamic characteristics for the prototype design of a centrifugal pump, namely, an implantable ventricular assist system from Sun Medical, whose hemocompatibility was previously demonstrated in a series of animal experiments. The flow visualization was conducted with particle tracking velocimetry, and the CFD analysis was performed with STAR-CD software. The findings were as follows: (1).