Intoxication with massive doses of amlodipine and candesartan requiring venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Background: Calcium channel blockers and angiotensin II receptor blockers are commonly prescribed to treat hypertension. Massive overdoses can cause both distributive and cardiogenic shock because of their effects on vascular smooth muscles and severe myocardial depression.

Case Presentation: We present the case of a 46-year-old man who was brought to our emergency department after ingesting 1210 mg amlodipine and 936 mg candesartan.

Improved survival time with combined early blood transfusion and fluid administration in uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock in rats.

Objective: To test whether early blood administration combined with crystalloid solution infusion may prolong survival in a clinically relevant model of ongoing uncontrolled life-threatening hemorrhage.

Methods: Light anesthesia was induced with halothane in 24 rats, and spontaneous breathing was maintained. Uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock was induced by withdrawal of blood at 2.

Effects of various concentrations of inhaled oxygen on tissue dysoxia, oxidative stress, and survival in a rat hemorrhagic shock model.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that a fractional inspired oxygen (F(I)O(2)) of 1.0 compared to 0.4 during hemorrhagic shock (HS) and fluid resuscitation (FR): mitigates tissue dysoxia; however, enhances the oxidative stress; therefore, offsets the benefit on survival.