Publications by authors named "Yusuke Kinashi"
Article Synopsis
- * A study found that removing the clathrin adaptor protein (AP)-1B from intestinal cells drastically reduced IEL numbers and affected various proteins essential for IEL function.
- * The research highlighted the significance of AP-1B in sorting proteins necessary for IEL maintenance, revealing a new role for AP-1B in the intestinal immune system.
Article Synopsis
- Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) act as barriers to protect against harmful substances and bacteria; when these barriers are weakened, it can lead to leaky gut syndrome (LGS), which may be linked to autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases.* -
- Researchers created mice lacking the Ap1m2 protein to study the effects of impaired intestinal barrier integrity, observing that these mice developed signs similar to IgA nephropathy (IgAN), including abnormal immune complex accumulation in their kidneys.* -
- The study found that the lack of Ap1m2 led to changes in how IgA antibodies are processed and increased gut microbiota imbalances, with antibiotic treatment reducing harmful IgA levels, suggesting a connection between LGS and
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining epithelial barrier function. Although multiple studies have demonstrated the significance of dietary factors on the gut microbiota and mucosal barrier function, the impact of a purified diet, which has long been used in various animal experiments, on intestinal homeostasis remains to be elucidated. Here, we compared the impact of two different types of diets, a crude diet and an AIN-93G-formula purified diet, on epithelial integrity and the gut microbiota.
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- - Peyer's patches (PPs) are important gut tissues that trigger the immune response to substances from both beneficial microbes and pathogens by producing immunoglobulin A (IgA), which helps maintain gut health and fight infections.
- - Antidiabetic drugs known as α-glucosidase inhibitors (α-GIs), like voglibose and acarbose, modify the gut microbiota and have been shown to enhance the immune response by increasing the production of immune cells related to IgA in mice.
- - This study suggests that α-GIs can boost specific IgA responses, particularly against pathogens like Typhimurium, indicating their potential use as an enhancer for mucosal vaccines.
Butyrate has been attracting attention for the suppression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, clinical trials of butyrate for IBD treatment have resulted in controversial outcomes, likely owing to the adverse effect of butyrate on the intestinal epithelium that was observed at high butyrate concentrations. Herein, we propose polyvinyl butyrate (PVBu) nanoparticles (NPs) as butyrate donors for delivery to the lower part of the intestine for the treatment of colitis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe intestinal surface is constitutively exposed to diverse antigens, such as food antigens, food-borne pathogens, and commensal microbes. Intestinal epithelial cells have developed unique barrier functions that prevent the translocation of potentially hostile antigens into the body. Disruption of the epithelial barrier increases intestinal permeability, resulting in leaky gut syndrome (LGS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The dysbiosis of gut microbiota has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases; however, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Heavily glycosylated mucin establishes a first-line barrier against pathogens and serves as a niche for microbial growth.
Methods: To elucidate relationships among dysbiosis, abnormal mucin utilisation, and microbial metabolic dysfunction, we analysed short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and mucin components in stool samples of 40 healthy subjects, 49 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, and 44 Crohn's disease (CD) patients from Japan.