Prrx2, the paired-related homeobox transcription factor, functions as a potential regulator of pannexin 3 expression in odontoblast differentiation.

Objectives: This study aimed to elucidate the roles of Prrx1 and Prrx2, homeobox transcription factors, in tooth development and determine whether Prrx2 regulates pannexin 3 (Panx3) expression, which is important in preodontoblasts.

Methods: Tooth sections were prepared from 13.5-, 15.

A highly immunogenic vaccine platform against encapsulated pathogens using chimeric probiotic Escherichia coli membrane vesicles.

Vaccines against infectious diseases should elicit potent and long-lasting immunity, ideally even in those with age-related decline in immune response. Here we report a rational polysaccharide vaccine platform using probiotic Escherichia coli-derived membrane vesicles (MVs). First, we constructed a probiotic E.

Effects of pH on the Properties of Membrane Vesicles Including Glucosyltransferase in .

releases membrane vesicles (MVs) and induces MV-dependent biofilm formation. Glucosyltransferases (Gtfs) are bound to MVs and contribute to the adhesion and glucans-dependent biofilm formation of early adherent bacteria on the tooth surface. The biofilm formation of may be controlled depending on whether the initial pH tends to be acidic or alkaline.

Roles of membrane vesicles from Streptococcus mutans for the induction of antibodies to glucosyltransferase in mucosal immunity.

Glucosyltransferase (Gtf) B and GtfC from Streptococcus mutans are key enzymes for the development of biofilm-associated diseases such as dental caries. Gtfs are involved in membrane vesicles (MVs) and function in the formation of biofilms by initial colonizers such as Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus oralis on the tooth surface. Therefore, MVs may be important virulence factors and targets for the prevention of biofilm-associated disease.

Effects of Complex DNA and MVs with GTF Extracted from on the Oral Biofilm.

is one of the principal pathogens for the development of dental caries. Oral biofilms formed by are constructed of insoluble glucan formation induced by the principal enzymes, GTF-I and GTF-SI, in sucrose-containing conditions. However, as another means of biofilm formation, extracellular DNA (eDNA) and membrane vesicles (MVs) are also contributors.