Role of Drinking Attitudes and Trait Impulsivity in Prenatal Alcohol Craving and Consumption in Mothers of Reproductive Age.

Recognizing the severe consequences of alcohol consumption during pregnancy, such as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs), the present study explored the role of drinking attitudes, trait impulsivity, and decision-making toward instant gratification in alcohol craving and consumption during pregnancy among mothers of reproductive age. Utilizing participants from Amazon Mechanical Turk ( = 141), we first categorized mothers into three groups: those who neither craved nor consumed alcohol during their last pregnancy, those who craved but did not consume, and those who craved and consumed alcohol. Using binomial logistic regression, we then examined what factors, if any, could differentiate between (a) mothers who craved alcohol during pregnancy and those who did not and (b) mothers who resisted alcohol cravings and those who yielded to them.

Assessing differential personal information value with social discounting and hypothetical payment tasks with university students.

Different personal information types are shared at different rates during a social-discounting task. However, it is unclear whether differences in social-discounting rates between different personal information types are related to differences in valuing personal information. To assess the value of personal information more directly, 160 university student participants completed four hypothetical purchase tasks (HPT) for protecting identification, health, security, and financial personal information at 17 ascending price points and a social-discounting task for one of those four different personal information types.

Refractory phenotype of -sensitized asthma with bronchiectasis and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.

Background: Sensitization to mucus plugs, and bacterial colonization may coexist and relate to a refractory phenotype during follow-up in asthma with bronchiectasis and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA).

Objective: This study aimed to clarify the features of -sensitized refractory asthma with bronchiectasis and determine the refractory phenotype in this population and ABPA.

Methods: This study included cases of the oldest available -specific IgE data and chest computed tomography images from a nationwide survey of refractory asthma with bronchiectasis.

Classifying Chronic Kidney Disease Stages Based on Predicted Value of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate From Serum Creatinine Levels Using Chronic Kidney Disease Risk Factors and Renal Sinus Anteroposterior Diameter on a Computed Tomography Image.

Objective:  This study aimed to investigate whether the calculated predicted value of the estimated glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine levels (eGFRcreat-PV) from multiple regression equations using the anteroposterior diameter of the renal sinus (APDRS) measured on multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) axial images and easily obtainable chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk factors (age and body mass index, BMI) is useful for separating CKD stages.

Material And Methods:  The Review Board approved this study, and the additional approval requirement was waived for this retrospective study. We investigated the association between eGFRcreat and age, BMI, and APDRS using stepwise multivariate regression analysis in 98 patients who underwent MDCT and calculated eGFRcreat-PV from the obtained multiple regression equation.

Computed tomography morphological assessments of central airways in interstitial lung abnormalities and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Background: Little is known about whether central airway morphological changes beyond traction bronchiectasis develop and affect clinical outcomes in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This study aimed to compare central airway structure comprehensively between patients with IPF, subjects with interstitial lung abnormality (ILA), and those without ILA (control) using computed tomography (CT). We further examined the prognostic impact of IPF-specific CT airway parameters in patients with IPF.

A case of severely progressive left atrial calcification triggered by inflammation due to radiofrequency catheter ablation.

Unlabelled: Left atrial calcification (LAC) has been reported in 13.8 % of patients after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation, which is related with stiff LA physiology and increased cardiovascular events. We describe a case in which long-term persistence of atrial inflammation caused by radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) resulted in LAC.

Indicator-based assessment of potential supply risks for pharmaceutical excipients: Method and application.

This work presents an indicator-based assessment of potential supply risks for pharmaceutical excipients. The assessment was conducted systematically through the steps of survey, data collection, and indicator value calculation. Japan was specified as the target, and all marketed products were analyzed.

Durability of output-dependent QRS transition and left bundle branch capture in left bundle branch area pacing.

Background: Although output-dependent QRS transition is a specific indicator that confirms left bundle branch (LBB) capture during left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP), its durability remains unclear.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of output-dependent QRS transition and capture thresholds of the LBB and left ventricular septal myocardium immediately and up to 1 year after the LBBAP procedure.

Methods: We enrolled 129 patients with successful LBBAP who were available for 1-year follow-up postoperatively.

Lower skeletal muscle density and airway structure on computed tomography in asthma.

Background: Lower skeletal muscle density may reflect muscle adiposity and metabolic dysregulation that potentially impair disease control and lung function independent of high body mass index (BMI) in patients with asthma.

Objective: To investigate whether the lower density of pectoralis muscles (PMs) and erector spinae muscles (ESMs) on chest computed tomography was associated with airway structural changes in patients with asthma.

Methods: Consecutive patients with asthma and healthy controls undergoing chest computed tomography were retrospectively analyzed.

Quadriceps muscle activity during walking with a knee ankle foot orthosis is associated with improved gait ability in acute hemiplegic stroke patients with severe gait disturbance.

Introduction: A knee-ankle-foot orthosis (KAFO) prevents knee buckling during walking and enables gait training for acute hemiplegic stroke patients with severe gait disturbances. Although the goal of gait training with a KAFO is to improve gait ability, that is, to acquire walking with an ankle-foot orthosis (AFO), it is not clear how gait training with a KAFO contributes to improving gait ability. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between muscle activities during walking with a KAFO and the improvement of gait ability in hemiplegic stroke patients with severe gait disturbance.

An Evaluation of Renal Sinus Fat Accumulation Using the Anteroposterior Diameter of the Renal Sinus on a Computed Tomography Axial Image.

Backgrounds and objectives Renal sinus fat (RSF) is an indicator of obesity-related complications. However, the measurement and imaging process are complicated. For a simple measurement of RSF, we focused on the kidney's shape change caused by RSF accumulation.

Associations of fractional exhaled nitric oxide with airway dimension and mucus plugs on ultra-high-resolution computed tomography in former smokers and nonsmokers with asthma.

Background: Associations of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) with airway wall remodeling and mucus plugs remain to be explored in smokers and nonsmokers with asthma. Ultra-high-resolution computed tomography (U-HRCT), which allows accurate structural quantification of airways >1 mm in diameter, was used in this study to examine whether higher FeNO was associated with thicker walls of the 3rd to 6th generation airways and mucus plugging in patients with asthma.

Methods: The retrospective analyses included consecutive former smokers and nonsmokers with asthma who underwent U-HRCT in a hospital.

Problematic mobile phone use as impulsive choice: Development and empirical verification of a reinforcer-pathology model.

Problematic mobile phone use is characterized by its "impulsive" nature; users engage in it despite their negative attitude toward it. From a behavioral-economic perspective, this attitude-behavior discrepancy is generated by competing contingencies that involve smaller-sooner social reinforcers associated with mobile phone use and larger-later prosocial reinforcers potentially compromised by phone use. Based on this conceptualization, the reinforcer-pathology model of problematic mobile phone use is proposed, which posits that such phone use stems from excessive delay discounting of the social and prosocial reinforcers and/or excessive demand for the social reinforcers.

Acute impact of atrial fibrillation on pacemaker lead-induced tricuspid regurgitation: Case report.

Unlabelled: We report a case of worsening lead-induced tricuspid regurgitation (TR) after new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) evaluated using three-dimensional (3D) transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) from admission through TR improvement. An 84-year-old man experienced worsening lead-induced TR with new-onset AF, acutely resulting in low output syndrome. Less invasive interventions, such as rhythm control therapy and diuretics administration worked effectively.

Resolution of Eosinophilic Pneumonia after Coronavirus Disease 2019 without Systemic Corticosteroids.

Pulmonary and extrapulmonary complications after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been major public health concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although post-COVID-19 pulmonary manifestations cover a wide spectrum, eosinophilic pneumonia (EP) has rarely been reported. To date, only four cases of EP potentially triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have been reported, all of which required systemic corticosteroid therapy.

Osteoblast-derived extracellular vesicles exert osteoblastic and tumor-suppressive functions via SERPINA3 and LCN2 in prostate cancer.

Clinically, the osteolytic phenotype is rare in prostate cancer (PCa), and the prognosis is generally worse than that of the osteoblastic phenotype. Osteoblastic prostate cancer (BPCa) is a major type of bone metastasis. Several factors responsible for osteogenesis have been identified, but the molecular mechanism of osteoblastic bone metastasis in PCa is not fully understood.

A hierarchical cluster analysis of young drivers based on their perceived risk and frequency of texting while driving.

Introduction: The present study attempted to provide a proof-of-concept of usefulness of cluster analysis for identifying distinct and practically meaningful subgroups of drivers who differed in their perceived risk and frequency of texting while driving (TWD).

Method: Using a hierarchical cluster analysis, which involves sequential steps in which individual cases are merged together one at a time based on their similarities, the study first attempted to identify distinct subgroups of drivers who differed in their perceived risk and frequency of TWD. To further evaluate the meaningfulness of the subgroups identified, the subgroups were compared in terms of levels of trait impulsivity and impulsive decision making for each gender.