Which is superior in improving the performance of short-distance sprints starting in a lateral direction, forward- or false-step technique?

When athletes in ball game sports start sprinting in the forward direction from a parallel stance, they commonly use the forward- and false-step techniques. Previous studies focusing on the performance of short-distance sprints starting in the forward direction have demonstrated that the false-step technique is superior to the forward-step technique. Although athletes start sprinting in various directions based on relevant visual cues, such as movements of the ball or the opponent players, the effectiveness of each technique for starting a sprint in the other direction is still unclear.

Step techniques for backward and sideward sprint starts used by high-level male soccer players.

From standing in a parallel stance, two common techniques for sprint starts are forward and false steps. In the forward step technique, athletes take a first step in the sprinting direction; in the false step technique, the first step is in the opposite direction to the sprinting direction. Although the false step technique, including a redundant step, has generally been considered as an inferior technique, athletes habitually use it to start sprinting in a forward direction.

Compressive mechanical stress enhances susceptibility to interleukin-1 by increasing interleukin-1 receptor expression in 3D-cultured ATDC5 cells.

Background: Mechanical overload applied on the articular cartilage may play an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. However, the mechanism of chondrocyte mechanotransduction is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of compressive mechanical stress on interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) and matrix-degrading enzyme expression by three-dimensional (3D) cultured ATDC5 cells.

Overexpression of Interleukin-1α Suppresses Liver Metastasis of Lymphoma: Implications for Antitumor Effects of CD8+ T-cells.

Interleukin (IL)-1 plays a key role in carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. Although IL-1 may enhance the expansion of CD8+ T-cells, the pathological contribution of IL-1-activated CD8+ T-cells to tumor metastasis remains unclear. This study used a liver metastasis model of the EL4 T-cell lymphoma cells transplanted into human IL (hIL)-1α conditional transgenic (hIL-1α cTg) mice.

Phospholipid polymer electrodeposited on titanium inhibits platelet adhesion.

To develop metallic materials with thromboresistance, a block-type copolymer (PMbA) was immobilized onto a titanium surface with electrodeposition. The polymer was composed of a poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)) segment and a poly(2-aminoethylmethacrylate) segment, which was designed to electronically adsorb to the surface oxide layer on the titanium surface. We confirmed that the polymer was synthesized as expected by nuclear magnetic resonance and gel permeation chromatography.