Use of follow-on fingolimod for multiple sclerosis: Analysis of effectiveness and patient reported outcomes in a real-world clinical setting.

Background: Follow-on disease modifying therapies (FO-DMTs) do not always require Phase III studies. There are concerns that cheaper FO-DMTs are only used to reduce healthcare costs. However, the well-being of people with MS (pwMS) should be a priority.

The Effect of Lidocaine on the Experimental Model of Streptozotocin-Induced Alzheimer's Disease.

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the accumulation of amyloid plaques in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. In this study, the effects of local anesthetic lidocaine on neurodegeneration markers and memory were investigated for the first time in streptozotocin-induced rat AD model.

Methods: Streptozotocin (STZ) was administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV) into Wistar rats to develop AD model.

The Turkish experience of COVID-19 infection in people with NMOSD and MOGAD: A milder course?

Background: COVID-19 is a multisystemic infection with variables consequences depending on individual and comorbid conditions. The course and outcomes of COVID-19 during neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disorders (MOGAD) are not clearly known.

Objective/methods: The aim of this study was to examine the features and outcomes of COVID-19 infection in NMOSD and MOGAD patients.

Serum levels of inflammasome pathway factors in clinically isolated syndrome and multiple sclerosis patients: a pilot study.

Pathogenic roles of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome complex factors are involved in multiple sclerosis (MS) development. Activation of the NF-κB, NLRP3, and caspase-1 cascade results in production of proinflammatory cytokines that lead to stimulation of macrophages, lymphocytes, and glial cells. Although increased levels of inflammasome complex factors are observed in MS, contribution of inflammasome pathway to conversion from clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) to relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) has been scarcely investigated.

Adipokines in Multiple Sclerosis Patients with and without Optic Neuritis as the First Clinical Presentation.

Background: Adipocytokines have been implied to be involved in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. MS patients whose first clinical episode is optic neuritis (ON) have been reported to display a milder disease course. In this study, we aimed to show whether this milder disease course is related to reduced adipokine production.

Prevalence of and risk factors for cognitive impairment in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Multi-center, controlled trial.

Background: Cognitive impairment (CI) is a common problem in multiple sclerosis (MS), may occur either in early or late phase of the disease, and impairs quality of life.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of CI and related risk factors in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients in Turkey.

Methods: The present cross-sectional, multi-center, and nationally representative study included RRMS patients.

Testing patient-reported outcome measurement equivalence in multinational clinical trials: An exemplar using the 12-item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale.

Background: Although multinational clinical trials frequently use patient-reported outcomes to measure efficacy, measurement equivalence across cultures and languages, a scientific requirement, is rarely tested. Clinically accessible accounts are rare; exemplars are needed.

Objective: To develop and test a Turkish version of the Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12v2) as a clinical exemplar for examining measurement equivalence.

Investigation of the prognostic value of adipokines in multiple sclerosis.

Background: Adipokines may be involved in multiple sclerosis (MS) as well as other inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to analyze the value of serum adipokine levels as biomarkers in determining the clinical progression of MS.

Methods: A total of 90 subjects including 40 healthy individuals and 50 MS patients [24 with classical clinical course of MS (C-MS), 26 with benign MS (B-MS)] were recruited for this study.

Efficacy of peripheral lidocaine application (neural therapy) in the treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity in multiple sclerosis patients.

Aims: Many agents and treatments are used in the treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) in MS patients, but no study has been conducted on the use of peripheric lidocaine (neural therapy-NT) on MS patients. We evaluated the effects of local administration of lidocaine on NDO in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients.

Methods: For each patient local anesthetic lidocaine was injected at each session.

Changes in serum albumin levels and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in patients with convulsive status epilepticus.

Aim: Inflammation may be involved in the ictogenesis and development of some partial epilepsies. Serum albumin levels and the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are markers of inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of serum albumin levels and NLR to predict inflammation in patients with convulsive status epilepticus (CSE).

Identifying autonomic nervous system dysfunction in acute cerebrovascular attack by assessments of heart rate variability and catecholamine levels.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate changes in the autonomic nervous system caused by cerebral lesions due to acute stroke. We assessed heart rate variability and catecholamine levels in lieu of stroke lesion localization.

Materials And Methods: A total of 60 stroke patients and 31 healthy controls were enrolled in the study.

Evaluation of serum oxidant/antioxidant balance in multiple sclerosis.

The total oxidative status (TOS)/total anti-oxidative status (TAS) ratio can provide information on an individual's absolute oxidative stress index (OSI). We investigated the alterations in the oxidant-antioxidant balance by measuring the oxidant parameters OSI, TOS, and malondialdehyde (MDA) together with the antioxidant parameters such as TAS, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate OSI in patients with relapsing remitting MS.

Serum prolidase activity and oxidative status in patients with diabetic neuropathy.

We found no data in the literature related to oxidative stress index (OSI), total oxidative status (TOS) and prolidase activity in patients with diabetic neuropathy (DN). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the oxidative status of DN patients via measurement of TOS and serum total antioxidant status (TAS) and estimation of OSI using new automated methods. Thirty-eight healthy participants, 40 diabetic patients without neuropathy, and 39 patients with DN were included.

Apolipoprotein E genotype in patients with cerebrovascular diseases and its effect on the disease outcome.

A total of 100 hospitalized stroke patients and 30 healthy controls were included in a study aiming to determine the predictive role of ApoE genotype polymorphism for stroke outcome in the Turkish population. The most frequent ApoE genotype was epsilon3/3 reflecting Asian population polymorphic distribution. ApoE polymorphism in the Eastern Turkish population was found to be independent of stroke type, OSCP subtypes of infarction, localization of hemorrhage, severity of carotid artery stenosis, and resultant stroke outcome.

Predictive factors for acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accidents.

Background: Since traffic accidents are more common in developing countries than in developed countries, we aimed to investigate the association of several factors with the development and persistence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after traffic accidents.

Sampling And Methods: In the study,95 participants with injuries from traffic accidents were evaluated at 4 different times: in the beginning, and after 3, 6 and 12 months.

Results: During the first evaluation, 41.

Association of apolipoprotein E genotype and cerebrovascular disease risk factors in a Turkish population.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the predictive role of apolipoprotein E genotypes for stroke-related risk factors in the Turkish population. Among 100 stroke patients and 30 healthy subjects included in the study, most frequent Apo E genotype was epsilon3/3, compatible with polymorphic distribution of Asian population. VLDL and triglyceride levels in epsilon2/4(+) subjects were higher than in epsilon2/4(-) patients.

[The prevalence of dementia three months after stroke and its risk factors].

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of post-stroke dementia (PSD) and its possible clinical and sociodemographic risk factors 3 months after the index stroke episode.

Methods: Among 147 patients who were hospitalized in the inpatient neurology clinic of Dicle University Faculty of Medicine with a diagnosis of stroke, 106 that met the inclusion criteria were included in the study 3 months after the index stroke. All patients underwent a detailed systemic and neurological examination, as well as a clinical interview in an effort to determine the sociodemographic features, and both vascular and non-vascular risk factors of stroke.

Effect of rivastigmine on regional cerebral blood flow in Alzheimer's disease.

Cholinesterase inhibitors improve or stabilize cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The purpose of this study was to detect brain perfusion changes and the effects of rivastigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor on single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) before and after treatment. Fifteen patients who fulfilled the clinical criteria for probable AD of mild to moderate severity, as put forth by the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association, and as specified by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, were included in the study.

Coexisting subarachnoid hemorrhage and subdural hematoma mimicking acute anterolateral myocardial infarction.

Ischemic electrocardiographic changes, elevations in cardiac-specific markers such as troponin and creatinine phosphokinase MB, segmental wall motion abnormalities, and myocardial dysfunction may occur after central nervous system events such as subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hematoma, and ischemic stroke. The pathophysiology remains unclear, but a catecholamine-induced neurocardiogenic injury has been mentioned as a causative factor. We reported a case of coexisting subarachnoid hemorrhage and subdural hematoma with ischemic electrocardiography changes, increases in cardiac-specific enzymes, and a regional wall motion abnormality despite normal epicardial coronary arteries.

Multiresistant bacterial colonization due to increased nurse workload in a neurology intensive care unit.

Objective: To determine the relationship between nurse workload and multiresistant bacteria colonization or infection (MRB+) in a neurology intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods: We studied the relationship between nurse workload and MRB+ development in patients who were hospitalized in Dicle University Neurology Department ICU, Turkey during a 6-month period from November 15, 2003 to April 15, 2004. The intensity of workload and procedures applied to the patients were scored with the Project de Recherche en Nursing (PRN) and the Omega scores.

Assessment of acute phase proteins in acute ischemic stroke.

Acute phase proteins (APPs) have been implicated to play important roles during both acute and chronic inflammatory processes in different diseases including ischemic stroke. Though there are several studies showing the importance of APPs as inflammation markers in acute ischemic stroke (AIS), the time course of these proteins during acute phase of AIS is not well known. Thus, the aim of this study was to show the changes in plasma levels of six APPs (i.