The effects of different vasovasostomy techniques on motility of vas deferens (vas motility following vasovasostomy).

Purpose: Vasovasostomy is used to correct vas deferens (VD) transections encountered during surgery or to reverse sterilization vasectomies. Achieving vasal patency is the primary goal and the success is assessed on various factors including VD patency, flow rates, and pregnancy rates. While preserving vas motility is not a major concern in surgical practice, it is worth noting that VD has peristaltic activity which plays crucial role during ejaculation.

Effects of hydrogen sulfide on relaxation responses in the lower esophageal sphincter in rabbits: the potential role of potassium channels.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a significant physiologic inhibitory neurotransmitter. The main goal of this research was to examine the contribution of diverse potassium (K) channels and nitric oxide (NO) in mediating the HS effect on electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced neurogenic contractile responses in the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). EFS-induced contractile responses of rabbit isolated LES strips were recorded using force transducers in organ baths that contain Krebs-Henseleit solutions (20 ml).

Enhancing effect of nicotine on electrical field stimulation elicited contractile responses in isolated rabbit bladder straight muscle; the role of cannabinoid and vanilloid receptors.

Background: Nicotine acts as an agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). These receptors belong to a superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels. We previously demonstrated that nicotine increased electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced contractile or relaxation responses, possibly by facilitating neurotransmitter release from nerve terminals in various rabbit tissues.

Effects of cannabinoid and vanilloid receptor antagonists on nicotine induced relaxation response enhancement in rabbit corpus cavernosum.

Objectives: Endocannabinoids and nicotine regulate the neurotransmitter release in different central and peripheral synapses. Various studies in the literature demonstrate the interaction between endocannabinoid and nicotinic systems, especially in the central nervous system. The interaction between nicotinic and endocannabinoid systems was investigated in this study.

Effects of epoxygenases on the nonadrenergic noncholinergic relaxant responses induced by electrical field stimulation in rabbit corpus cavernosum.

We aimed to investigate the effects of epoxygenases on electrical field stimulation (EFS)-mediated nitric oxide (NO)-dependent and NO-independent nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) relaxations in isolated rabbit corpus cavernosum. The tissues of 20 male adult albino rabbits (2.5-3 kg) were suspended in organ baths containing aerated Krebs solution, and isometric contractions were recorded.

Changes in cholinergic and nitrergic systems of defunctionalized colons after colostomy in rabbits.

Background: This study was designed to assess smooth muscle function and motility in defunctionalized colonic segments and subsequent changes in pathways responsible for gastrointestinal motility.

Methods: Two-month-old New Zealand rabbits were randomly allocated into control and study groups. Sigmoid colostomies were performed in the study group.

The effects of hydrogen sulfide on electrical field stimulation-induced neurogenic contractile responses in isolated rabbit lower esophageal sphincter: Contribution of nitrergic and non-adrenergic non-cholinergic transmission.

Background: Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a gaseous signaling molecule that, similar to nitric oxide (NO), plays an important role as an inhibitor neurotransmitter in the digestive tract. This study aimed to investigate the effect of HS and to identify neurogenic contraction responses dependent on the electrical field stimulation (EFS) in the isolated lower esophageal sphincters of rabbits.

Methods: An isolated lower esophageal sphincter was placed in an organ bath system and mechanical responses were recorded using a force transducer.

Effects of chronic l-DOPA administration on neurogenic and endothelium-dependent relaxation responses in rabbit corpus cavernosum.

Background: Dopamine is a crucial central neurotransmitter that plays a fundamental role in the autonomic and somatic components of penile reflexes in animals and humans. Similar to the erectile responses of dopamine, systemic administration of l-DOPA induces yawning and penile erection in some species. The possible effects of l-DOPA on nitric oxide (NO)-dependent and -independent non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) relaxation responses mediated by electrical field stimulation (EFS) and endothelium-dependent relaxation were investigated in this study.

Microwave-assisted synthesis and myorelaxant activity of 9-indolyl-1,8-acridinedione derivatives.

In this study a microwave-assisted method was applied for the synthesis of novel 9-(substituted indolyl)-3,4,6,7-tetrahydroacridine-1,8-(2H,5H,9H,10H)-dione derivatives. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by spectral methods including X-ray studies and elemental analysis. The Emax and pD2 values of the compounds and pinacidil were determined on noradrenaline precontracted tissues of isolated strips of rabbit gastric fundus smooth muscle.

Chronic administration of fluoxetine impairs neurogenic and endothelium-dependent relaxation of the rabbit corpus cavernosum smooth muscle.

Antidepressants, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), cause erectile dysfunction; however, the mechanism by which they cause erectile function is unclear. We investigated the reactivity of the corpus cavernosum after chronic fluoxetine treatment in rabbits. Twelve rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: control (n=6) or 20mg/kg/day of fluoxetine delivered i.

A cannabinoid ligand, anandamide, exacerbates endotoxin-induced uveitis in rabbits.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of anandamide or arachidonylethanolamide (AEA), an endogenous cannabinoid receptor agonist, on intraocular inflammation in an endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) model in rabbits.

Methods: Forty New Zealand albino male rabbits were used (5 groups, 8 animals in each). After establishment of sufficient anesthesia, animals were taken under surgery for intravitreal injections.

Enhancement effects of nicotine on neurogenic relaxation responses in the corpus cavernosum in rabbits: the role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes.

Nicotine acts as an agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which belong to a superfamily of neurotransmitter-gated ion channels. We previously demonstrated that nicotine increases the electrical field stimulation (EFS)-evoked nitrergic relaxation responses via activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The aim of the present study is to investigate the subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in rabbit corpus cavernosum.

Effect of a chloride channel inhibitor, 5-nitro-2- (3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoate, on endothelin-1 induced vasoconstriction in rabbit basilar artery.

Aim: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of cerebral vasospasm. Chloride (Cl-) channels exist in vascular smooth muscle and activation of these channels leads to depolarization and contraction. The aim of the present study was to test the effect of 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoate (NPPB), a Cl- channel antagonist, on the ET-1-induced cerebral vasospasm in rabbit basilar artery and thus investigate the contribution of Cl- channels.

Synthesis of 2-methyl-4-aryl-4,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5(1H)-quinolone derivatives and their effects on potassium channels.

In this study, twelve compounds having 2-methyl-4-aryl-4,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5(1H)-quinolone structure have been synthesized by the reaction of 4-aryl-3-butene-2-on derivatives with 1,3-cyclohexanedione analogs in the presence of ammonium acetate in methanol. The structures of the compounds have been elucidated by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, mass spectroscopy and elementel analysis. Their potassium channel opener activities have been investigated on isolated rabbit bladder smooth muscle using pinacidil (CAS 85371-64-8) as standard.

Functional characterization of nonadrenergic noncholinergic neurotransmitter release via endocannabinoids: an in vitro study in rabbit corpus cavernosum.

Introduction: Corporal smooth muscle relaxation is mediated mainly but not completely by nitric oxide. Endocannabinoids modulate the various neurotransmitter systems.

Aim: In the present study, a possible role of endocannabinoids on non-nitrergic nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC)-mediated relaxations was investigated.

Role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes on nicotine-induced neurogenic contractile response alternation in the rabbit gastric fundus.

Nicotine is a nonspecific agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. We previously demonstrated that nicotine increases the electrical field stimulation (EFS)-evoked contractile responses possibly by facilitating neurotransmitters release from nerve terminals by a mechanism dependent on the influx of Ca(2+) from voltage gated Ca(2+) channels via activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. The aim of this study is to investigate subtypes of presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors involved in nicotine induced EFS-evoked contractile response alternation in the rabbit gastric fundus.

Condensed 1,4-dihydropyridines with various esters and their calcium channel antagonist activities.

New alkyl 2,6,6-(2,7,7)-trimethyl-4-(2-fluoro-3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylphenyl)-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-3-carboxylates and 9-(3-chloro-2-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylphenyl)-6,6(7,7)-dimethyl-6,7-dihydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8-diones have been synthesised and their calcium antagonistic activities on isolated rabbit sigmoid colon have been investigated and compared with Nifedipine. The investigation examined the influence of ester groups in the 3-position of the HHQ ring and the 2-methoxyethyl analogs were found to be the most active derivatives.

Lack of nitrate tolerance in isosorbid dinitrate- and sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxation of rabbit internal anal sphincter.

Aim: To investigate the tolerance development against the relaxant effect of nitric oxide donating drug isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in internal anal sphincter (IAS) smooth muscle.

Methods: Relaxation responses of ISDN, and electrical field stimulation (EFS) were obtained before and after tolerance induction by ISDN incubation.

Results: ISDN (10(-7)-10(-4) mol/L) and SNP (10(-8)-10(-4) mol/L) caused a concentration-dependent relaxation on the basal tonus of the isolated rabbit IAS strips.

Hydrogen peroxide and antioxidizing enzymes involved in modulation of transient facilitatory effects of nicotine on neurogenic contractile responses in rat gastric fundus.

Nicotine acts as an agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors play a role in the modulation of neurotransmitter release in both the central and the peripheral nervous system. Moderate reactive oxygen species levels modulate the regulation of physiological functions e.

Does tourniquet application alter the nitrergic responses of rabbit corpus cavernosum penis? A functional study.

Objective: To investigate the effects of short and long periods of tourniquet application on corporal nerves, endothelium and smooth muscle responses.

Methods: After the rabbits were anesthetized with xylazine (5 mg/kg) and ketamine hydrochloride (35 mg/kg), a standard rubber circular band was applied to the base of the penis. After waiting for 20, 40 and 60 min, the tourniquets were removed and the penil tissue was reperfused for 5 min.

The effects of varicocele and its surgical correction on vas deferens motility.

Varicocele is the abnormal dilation of venous pampiniform plexus and internal spermatic vein. Its prevalence in the adolescent period is almost equal to the prevalence of adult age. That is why the disease is accepted to appear in early adolescence and does not disappear spontaneously.

Synthesis and calcium modulatory activity of 3-alkyloxy-carbonyl-4-(disubstituted)aryl-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexa-hydroquinoline derivatives.

In this study, twelve hexahydroquinoline derivatives which are condensed analogs of the 1,4-DHP molecule were synthesized and evaluated for their calcium-antagonistic activity. The results indicated that all compounds and nifedipine produced concentration-dependent relaxation in rabbit gastric fundus smooth muscle strips. The relaxant effects of the compounds on the tissues were expressed as percentage of the precontraction using Ca(2+).

Torsion/detorsion of the testis does not modify responses to nitric oxide in rat isolated penile bulb.

Ischaemia-reperfusion damage induced by torsion/detorsion of the testicles may be a causative factor leading to erectile dysfunction through oxidative stress-dependent changes in the responses of the penile bulb, an erectile tissue of the penis. We aimed at investigating the effects of unilateral testicular torsion/detorsion (2 or 24 hr) treatment on relaxations induced by electrical field stimulation and sodium nitroprusside in rat isolated penile bulb. Male Sprague-Dawley rats used in the study were divided into two groups.

Evaluation of myorelaxant activity of 7-substituted hexahydroquinoline derivatives in isolated rabbit gastric fundus.

In this article, 16 new methyl(ethyl) 4-(dichlorophenyl)-2,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-l,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-3-carboxylates and methyl(ethyl) 2-methyl-4-(dichlorophenyl)-5-oxo-7-phenyl-l,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate derivatives have been synthesized by the Hantzsch reaction and screened for their myorelaxant and potassium channel opening activities. The maximum relaxant effects (E(max)) and pD(2) values on exogenous noradrenaline precontracted tissues and inhibitory effects on cholinergic neurotransmission of the compounds and pinacidil were determined on isolated strips of rabbit gastric fundus smooth muscle. Obtained results indicated that some compounds and pinacidil produced concentration-dependent relaxation on rabbit gastric fundus smooth muscle strips in the two test conditions.

Enhancement effects of nicotine on neurogenic contractile responses in rabbit gastric fundus.

Nicotine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, plays a role in the modulation of neurotransmitter release following nerve stimulation in both the central and the peripheral nervous system. Nitric oxide and prostaglandins modulate the release of various neurotransmitters in different tissues. We aimed to investigate the effects of nicotine on neurogenic contractile responses via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and, if a change occurred, to investigate the effects of N(W)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and indomethacin on this change in rabbit gastric fundus.