Container Closure Integrity of Vial Primary Packaging Systems under Frozen Storage Conditions: A Case Study.

As the complexities of the pharmaceuticals needed to prevail over serious diseases continue to grow, the need for technologies to enable their efficient storage and delivery are as essential as ever. Lately, drugs such as vaccines, proteins, and stem cells are increasingly requiring frozen storage to maintain their efficacies before use. Notably, the advent of cellular therapy products has invariably elevated the need for cryopreservation and frozen storage of cellular starting materials, intermediates, and/or final product.