Antioxidant capacity, biochemical composition, and mineral composition of leaves in two apple species (Malus domestica Borkh. and M. kirghisorum Al. Fed. & Fed.).

Background: Apple leaves are a rich source of bioactive compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids, and essential minerals, which exhibit significant antioxidant and therapeutic properties. This study focuses on comparing the biochemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and mineral contents of Malus domestica Borkh. cultivars and M.