Head to head comparison of diagnostic performance of three non-mydriatic cameras for diabetic retinopathy screening with artificial intelligence.

Background: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide, affecting people with diabetes. The timely diagnosis and treatment of DR are essential in preventing vision loss. Non-mydriatic fundus cameras and artificial intelligence (AI) software have been shown to improve DR screening efficiency.

Evaluation of macular vascular density and foveal avascular zone changes by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) after intravitreal dexamethasone implant in diabetic macular edema resistant to Anti-VEGF treatment.

Purpose: Analysis of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) width and vascular density (VD) changes before and after intravitreal dexamethasone implant (IDI) treatment in diabetic macular edema (DME) patients resistant to anti-VEGF treatment.

Methods: In this retrospective study, patients who were regularly treated with at least 5 doses of intravitreal Anti-VEGF (bevacizumab, ranibizumab or aflibercept) for DME and whose DME continued were considered resistant to Anti-VEGF and were treated with IDI for the first time. Thirty-four eyes of 34 patients were included in the study.

Retinal vascular density evaluated by optical coherence tomography angiography in macular telangiectasia type 2.

Purpose: To evaluate the retinal and choroidal vascular changes through optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel 2).

Methods: Our study included 20 patients (40 eyes) with MacTel 2, and age-matched and sex-matched 18 subjects (36 eyes) in the control group. Fundus color photographs, fundus autofluorescence, fundus fluorescein angiography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and OCTA were performed.

Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume in central serous chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate mean platelet volume (MPV) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) values and their relationship with clinical findings in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).

Methods: Overall, 87 patients fulfilling inclusion criteria and 320 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals as controls were included in the study. The CSCR patients (n=87) were classified into 2 groups as acute CSCR (group 1, n=43) and chronic CSCR (group 2, n=44).

Frequency of fibromyalgia syndrome in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy.

Purpose:: To ınvestigate frequency of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) among patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).

Methods:: The study included 83 patients with CSCR and 201 age- and sex-matched healthy controls; the mean age was 47.5 ± 11.

Keratoconus presenting with bilateral simultaneous acute corneal hydrops.

Purpose: To report a case of unknown keratoconus presenting with bilateral simultaneous acute corneal hydrops.

Methods: Case report.

Results: A case of a 12-year-old male patient with Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) presented with sudden whitening and lacrimation for 2 days in both eyes simultaneously.

The association of low-grade systemic inflammation with hypertensive retinopathy.

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a marker of systemic low-grade inflammation. The pathophysiologic mechanism of hypertensive retiopathy (HR) is not fully established. Elevated blood pressure (BP) alone does not fully account for the extent of retinopathy, other pathogenic mechanisms may be involved, such as low-grade inflammation.

Conversion to deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK): learning curve with big-bubble technique.

Background And Objective: To report the perioperative complications and clinical outcomes of 50 deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) cases.

Patients And Methods: Fifty eyes of 50 patients with pathologies involving the corneal stroma and sparing the Descemet's membrane and endothelium were included consecutively in this prospective, noncomparative interventional case series study. DALK was performed using the big-bubble technique.

Serum ferritin levels correlate with hypertensive retinopathy.

Background: In recent years several studies showed an association between body iron stores, represented by serum ferritin, and oxidative stress. The pathophysiological mechanism of hypertensive retinopathy (HR) is not fully established. Elevated blood pressure alone does not fully account for the extent of retinopathy; other pathogenic mechanisms may be involved, such as increased oxidative stress.

Effect of intrathecal FK506 administration on intraorbital optic nerve crush: an ultrastructural study.

Objective: Trauma to the optic nerve caused by fractures of the midface and (or) skull base has been simulated by an optic nerve crush injury model. Because the intraorbital segment of the optic nerve is surrounded by subarachnoidal cerebrospinal fluid and dura mater, we aimed to study the influence of intrathecal tacrolimus (FK506) administration after optic nerve crush injury and to determine its role in optic nerve protection or sparing after injury.

Study Design: Experimental study.

Assessment of an effective visual field testing strategy for a normal pediatric population.

Aim: To investigate which visual field testing strategy yields more reliable and tolerable field analysis in a normal pediatric population.

Material And Methods: 68 healthy children aged 6-13 years with no ocular or systemic diseases were included in the study. One randomly selected eye of each child underwent standard achromatic visual field analysis using a Model 750 Humphrey Field Analyzer II (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, Calif.

Effect of laser spot diameter on the reproducibility of visual field analysis in diabetic patients with upper temporal retinal vein occlusion.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of the laser spot diameter on the reproducibility of the visual field analysis in diabetic patients with upper temporal retinal vein occlusion.

Material And Methods: Thirty-six eyes of 36 consecutive type-2 diabetes mellitus patients with upper temporal retinal vein occlusion who required sectoral retinal photocoagulation (SRP) treatment were enrolled for the study. Patients with a history of previous retinal laser photocoagulation, significant lenticular opacities and those whose perimetric test reliability criteria were low (fixation loss >20% and false-positive or false-negative responses >33%) were excluded from the study.

Corneal protein nitration in experimental uveitis.

Increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS-2) in inflammatory diseases like uveitis suggests that it contributes to the observed pathological state. The aim of this study was to evaluate corneal expression of NOS-2 and corneal protein nitration in a rat model of uveitis. A single injection of intravitreal lipopolysaccharide was used to induce uveitis.

Interocular differences in optic nerve head topography of the subjects with unilateral peripapillary myelinated nerve fibers.

Purpose: To determine the interocular differences in optic nerve head topography of the subjects with unilateral peripapillary myelinated nerve fibers.

Materials And Methods: A total of 21 healthy subjects with unilateral peripapillary myelinated nerve fibers were included into the study. Patients had no ocular disease except refractive disorders.

Recurrence of keratoconus in two corneal grafts after penetrating keratoplasty.

Purpose: To report the recurrence of postkeratoplasty keratoconus in 2 corneal grafts harvested from the same donor.

Design: Interventional case reports.

Methods: A 21-year-old-man with advanced keratoconus in his right eye and a 28-year-old-woman with corneal leucoma in her right eye underwent penetrating keratoplasty with 2 grafts coming from the same donor.

Outbreak of toxic anterior segment syndrome associated with glutaraldehyde after cataract surgery.

Purpose: To present clinical findings of a cluster of cases of toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) after uneventful phacoemulsification cataract surgery.

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.

Methods: Six eyes of 6 patients developed TASS after uneventful phacoemulsification cataract surgery with implantation of a 3-piece acrylic IOL performed by 2 ophthalmologists on the same day.

Brinzolamide 1% versus apraclonidine 0.5% to prevent intraocular pressure elevation after neodymium:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of brinzolamide 1% with that of apraclonidine 0.5% in preventing intraocular pressure (IOP) rise after neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy.

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.

Phacoemulsification with topical anesthesia: Resident experience.

Purpose: To compare the intraoperative and postoperative complications and outcomes of phacoemulsification performed by residents using topical and retrobulbar anesthesia.

Setting: Two university ophthalmology departments.

Methods: One hundred fifty phacoemulsification procedures were performed by 3 residents who used retrobulbar anesthesia (retrobulbar group), and 146 phacoemulsification procedures were performed by another 3 residents who used topical anesthesia and who had no experience with retrobulbar or peribulbar anesthesia (topical group).

Transmission electron microscopy and autofluorescence findings in the cornea of diabetic rats treated with aminoguanidine.

Background: The accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic keratopathy. The present study was aimed to understand if aminoguanidine (AG), an AGE inhibitor, was protective against the development of corneal complications in a diabetic rat model.

Methods: Wistar rats were divided into three experimental groups: control, diabetic, and AG-treated diabetic.

Nitrotyrosine formation and apoptosis in rat models of ocular injury.

This study was performed to examine inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS-2) expression, nitrotyrosine formation and apoptosis in rats with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and/or ocular inflammation. Ocular inflammation was induced via injection of intra-vitreal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) while IOP was elevated by episcleral vessel cauterization. Animals were randomized to one of the following conditions: elevated IOP, LPS, elevated IOP+LPS, and control.

Influence of relaxing retinotomy on surgical outcomes in proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

Purpose: This study sought to determine the influence of relaxing retinotomy (RR) incisions upon surgical outcomes in the repair of recurrent retinal detachment (RD) attributable to proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).

Design: Retrospective, consecutive, nonrandomized, single-center series.

Methods: Eighty-one eyes with recurrent RD attributable to PVR were retrospectively reviewed.

Menstrual cycle-dependent differences between right and left visual hemifields in perimetry.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of the menstrual cycle and gender on right and left visual hemifields in healthy subjects.

Methods: One randomly selected eye from each of 42 healthy normally menstruating women and of 37 men with no systemic and ocular problems, other than refractive error, were included in the study. Subjects underwent complete ocular examination and standard acromatic perimetric (SAP) and short-wavelength automated perimetric (SWAP) analysis in both follicular (7th to 10th day of the cycle) and luteal phases (days 3 to 7 before the menstrual bleeding) of the menstrual cycle.

Long-term fluctuation of retinal sensitivity during pregnancy.

Background: We investigated the effect of pregnancy on the long-term fluctuation of retinal sensitivity in healthy women.

Methods: Candidates for the study were healthy women who were likely to become pregnant. A complete ocular examination of both eyes was performed in 41 women, and 1 eye each was chosen at random for the study.

Effect of the menstrual cycle on the optic nerve head in diabetes: analysis by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy.

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine and compare menstrual-cycle-dependent topographic changes in the optic nerve head of normally menstruating women with different grades of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: We studied the right eyes of 123 normally menstruating women (36 with severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy [NPDR], 42 with mild NPDR and 45 healthy subjects). All subjects underwent a complete ocular examination at baseline.

Cataract progression after intravitreal triamcinolone injection.

Purpose: To assess cataract progression after intravitreal triamcinolone injection.

Design: Retrospective, interventional, case-control study.

Methods: Forty-two phakic eyes of 37 patients were injected one, two, or three times with intravitreal triamcinolone for various indications.