New genotypes of Helicobacter Pylori VacA d-region identified from global strains.

Background: Pathogenesis of Helicobacter Pylori (HP) vacuolating toxin A (vacA) depends on polymorphic diversity within the signal (s), middle (m), intermediate (i), deletion (d) and c-regions. These regions show distinct allelic diversity. The s-region, m-region and the c-region (a 15 bp deletion at the 3'-end region of the p55 domain of the vacA gene) exist as 2 types (s1, s2, m1, m2, c1 and c2), while the i-region has 3 allelic types (i1, i2 and i3).

A Fuzzy Expert System to Predict the Risk of Postpartum Hemorrhage.

Introduction: The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) defines postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) as a blood loss of >500mL following vaginal delivery or >1000mL following cesarean section. PPH is widely recognized as a common cause of maternal death. However, there is currently no effective method to predict its risk of occurrence.