Hypoxia promotes an inflammatory phenotype of fibroblasts in pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by an extensive fibroinflammatory stroma and often experiences conditions of insufficient oxygen availability or hypoxia. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are a predominant and heterogeneous population of stromal cells within the pancreatic tumor microenvironment. Here, we uncover a previously unrecognized role for hypoxia in driving an inflammatory phenotype in PDAC CAFs.

Acquired Resistance to Third-Generation EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Patients With De Novo EGFR-Mutant NSCLC.

Introduction: EGFR mostly exists subclonally and is acquired as the most common mechanism of resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Nevertheless, because de novo EGFR-mutant NSCLC is rare, little is known on acquired resistance mechanisms to third-generation EGFR TKIs.

Methods: Acquired resistance mechanisms were analyzed using tumor and plasma samples before and after third-generation EGFR TKI treatment in four patients with de novo EGFR-mutant NSCLC.

Preclinical Modeling of Osimertinib for NSCLC With EGFR Exon 20 Insertion Mutations.

Introduction: NSCLC with EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations is the third most common type of EGFR-mutant NSCLC and is resistant to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacies of first- to third-generation EGFR TKIs against NSCLC cells harboring EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations.

Methods: We developed seven EGFR exon 20 insertion-mutant Ba/F3 models and one patient-derived NSCLC (SNU-3173) of subtypes A763insFQEA, V769insASV, D770insSVD, D770insNPG, P772insPR, H773insH, H773insNPH, and H773insAH.

Alterations in PD-L1 Expression Associated with Acquisition of Resistance to ALK Inhibitors in ALK-Rearranged Lung Cancer.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships between the resistance of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‒positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to ALK inhibitors and the programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway, we evaluated alterations in PD-L1 following acquisition of resistance to ALK inhibitors in ALK-positive lung cancer.

Materials And Methods: We established ALK inhibitor-resistant cell lines (H3122CR1, LR1, and CH1) by exposing the parental H3122 ALK-translocated NSCLC cell line to ALK inhibitors. Then, the double-resistant cell lines H3122CR1LR1 and CR1CH1 were developed by exposing the H3122CR1 to other ALK inhibitors.