Aerobic exercise improves clearance of amyloid-β via the glymphatic system in a mouse model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Aerobic exercise training can promote the recovery of learning and memory ability in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the specific mechanism is still unclear. Previous studies have suggested that aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-mediated glymphatic system is an important way to clear β-amyloid (Aβ) in the brain, which is closely related to learning and memory impairment in AD. However, it remains unclear whether AQP4 regulates glymphatic clearance of Aβ which contributes to the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise in AD patients.

[Research progresses of Qa-1 restricted CD8 regulatory T cells in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases].

The Qa-1 in mice is homologous to human leukocyte antigen E(HLA-E), and both of them belong to the non-classical major histocompatibility complex I b(MHC-I b) molecules. Qa-1 is capable of presenting self or exogenous antigen peptides to interact with two distinct receptors, namely T cell receptor (TCR) and natural killer cell group 2 member A (or C) (NKG2A/C), thus playing an important role in immune response and regulation. Qa-1-restricted regulatory CD8 T cell (CD8 Treg) is one of the most studied CD8 Treg subgroups, which can maintain immune homeostasis and autoimmune tolerance by exerting immunosuppressive effects.

Clinicopathological characteristics, treatment patterns and outcomes in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer based on hormone receptor status: a retrospective study.

Background: Different hormone receptor (HR) expression patterns have significant biological and therapeutic implications in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer. However, the distinction between HR-positive /HER2-positive (HR+/HER2+) and HR-negative/HER2-positive (HR-/HER2+) subtypes remains unclear.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 828 patients with HER2-positive breast cancer at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from 2012 to 2022.

Alterations in CX3CL1 Levels and Its Role in Viral Pathogenesis.

CX3CL1, also named fractalkine or neurotactin, is the only known member of the CX3C chemokine family that can chemoattract several immune cells. CX3CL1 exists in both membrane-anchored and soluble forms, with each mediating distinct biological activities. CX3CL1 signals are transmitted through its unique receptor, CX3CR1, primarily expressed in the microglia of the central nervous system (CNS).

[Advances in the role and mechanism of NK cell immune response mediated by NKG2A-HLA-E axis in viral infectious diseases].

Natural killer (NK) cells directly lysis the virus-infected cells through rapidly releasing cytotoxic mediators and cytokines. The balance between inhibitory and activated receptors on the surface of NK cells, as well as the corresponding ligands expressed on target cells are involved in the regulation of the cytotoxic function of NK cells. NKG2A is one of the highly anticipated inhibitory receptors expressed on NK cells, which can inhibit the cytotoxicity of NK cells to autologous normal tissue cells through interacting with the ligand HLA-E.

Ad5-nCoV Vaccination Could Induce HLA-E Restricted CD8 T Cell Responses Specific for Epitopes on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Spike Protein.

We evaluated cellular immune responses induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines in an immunized population based on HLA-E-restricted CD8 T cell epitope identification. HLA-E-restricted SARS-CoV-2 CD8 T cell nonamer peptides were predicted with software. An HLA-E-transfected K562 cell binding assay was used to screen for high-affinity peptides.

Erratum to "HLA-E-restricted Hantaan virus-specific CD8 T cell responses enhance the control of infection in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome" [Biosaf. Health 5 (2023) 289-299].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.

Atypical characteristic changes of surface morphology and structural covariance network in developmental dyslexia.

Background: Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by difficulties with all aspects of information acquisition in the written word, including slow and inaccurate word recognition. The neural basis behind DD has not been fully elucidated.

Method: The study included 22 typically developing (TD) children, 16 children with isolated spelling disorder (SpD), and 20 children with DD.

Altered morphological characteristics and structural covariance connectivity associated with verbal working memory performance in ADHD children.

Objectives: Deficits in verbal working memory (VWM) observed in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children can persist into adulthood. Although previous studies have identified brain regions that are activated during VWM tasks, the neural mechanisms underlying the relationship between VWM deficits remain unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the structural covariance network connectivity and brain morphology changes that are associated with VWM performance in ADHD children.

[CD226, TIGIT and CD96 regulate NK cell function and participate in anti-tumor immunity].

CD226 is an activated receptor on the surface of natural killer (NK) cells. It competes with TIGIT and CD96 to bind to ligands such as CD155 on the surface of tumor cells and mediates the killing function of NK cells. Although TIGIT and CD96 have other binding ligands in the tumor microenvironment, they compete to bind CD115 ligands with higher affinity and inhibit the activity of NK cells, which allows tumor cells to evade killing.

Automatic brain extraction for rat magnetic resonance imaging data using U-Net.

Skull stripping is a key step in the pre-processing of rodent brain magnetic resonance images (MRI). This study aimed to develop a new skull stripping method via U-Net, a neural network model based on deep learning method, for rat brain MRI.In this study, 599 rats were enrolled and U-Net was applied to segment MRI images of rat brain.

ApoE4 exacerbates the senescence of hippocampal neurons and spatial cognitive impairment by downregulating acetyl-CoA level.

Although aging and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele have been documented as two major risk factors for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), their interaction and potential underlying mechanisms remain unelucidated. Using humanized ApoE4- and ApoE3- target replacement mice, we found the accumulation of senescent neurons and the activation of mTOR and endosome-lysosome-autophagy (ELA) system in the hippocampus of aged ApoE4 mice. Further analyses revealed that ApoE4 aggravated the profile change of hippocampal transcription and metabolism in an age-dependent manner, accompanying with an disruption of metabolism, which is presented with the downregulating activity of citrate synthase, the level of ATP and, most importantly, the level of acetyl coenzyme A (Ac-CoA); GTA supplement, an Ac-CoA substrate, reversed the senescent characteristics, decreased the activation of mTOR and ELA system, and enhanced the synaptic structure and increasing level of pre-/post-synaptic plasticity-related protein, leading to cognitive improvement in aged ApoE4 mice.

Increased blood CD226 inflammatory monocytes with low antigen presenting potential correlate positively with severity of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.

Background: Hantaan virus (HTNV) infection can cause severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Inflammatory monocytes (iMOs) are involved in early antiviral responses. Previous studies have found that blood iMOs numbers increase in the acute phase of HFRS.

Isolation, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity of Melanin from Auricularia auricula (Agaricomycetes).

The cell wall of Auricularia auricula fruit bodies is extremely tough, making it difficult to dissolve the melanin using the traditional preparation method. To investigate the efficient preparation of melanin and its resistance to oxidative stress, this paper first used ultrasound-assisted alkaline cellulase to optimize the optimal wall-breaking parameters through a Box-Behnken design based on a single-factor experiment. After optimization, the yield of melanin from A.

Clinical Features and Prognosis of Uncommon Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis of 82 Cases.

With the improvement of diagnostic techniques, numerous uncommon metastases derived from breast cancer were reported. However, very few studies explored the clinical characteristics and prognostic patterns of these patients. A total of 82 cases of uncommon metastatic breast cancer (MBC) registered at our hospital from January 1, 2010, to July 1, 2022, were selected for this retrospective study.

[Analysis of teaching difficulties in the chapter of antigen in Medical Immunology and teaching strategy].

The concept of "ntigen"is a relative one. The narrow concept of it condenses the process of activation of adaptive immune response and re-recognition of the same antigen, revealing the protective mechanism of vaccines with great significance for research and development of vaccines. However, the narrow concept involves adaptive immune system members: B cells, T cells and their effector products, which is difficult for beginners to understand the inherent meaning.

HLA-E-restricted Hantaan virus-specific CD8 T cell responses enhance the control of infection in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.

Infection with the Hantaan virus (HTNV) may result in severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). The functions of HLA-E-restricted CD8 T lymphocytes in virus control and vaccine development have recently received increased attention. The purpose of this research is to discover HLA-E-restricted CD8 T cell epitopes on HTNV as well as the features of these epitope-specific CD8 T cells in HFRS patients.

[Distribution of monocyte subsets and their surface CD31 intensity are associated with disease course and severity of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome].

Objective To investigate the relationship between disease courses and severity and monocyte subsets distribution and surface CD31 intensity in patients of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Methods Peripheral blood samples from 29 HFRS patients and 13 normal controls were collected. The dynamic changes of classical monocyte subsets (CD14CD16), intermediated monocyte subsets (CD14CD16) and non-classical monocyte subsets (CD14CD16) and the mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of CD31 on monocyte subsets were detected by multiple-immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry.

Construction of a Hantaan Virus Phage Antibody Library and Screening for Potential Neutralizing Activity.

China is one of the main epidemic areas for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Currently, there is no human antibody specific to Hantaan virus (HTNV) for the emergency prevention and treatment of HFRS. To prepare human antibodies with neutralizing activity, we established an anti-HTNV phage antibody library using phage display technology by transforming peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with HFRS into B lymphoblastoid cell lines (BLCLs) and extracting cDNA from BLCLs that secreted neutralizing antibodies.

Local characteristics of molecular epidemiolgy of Acinetobacter baumannii in Jilin province (northeast China).

A. Baumannii is an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen which has severe antibiotic resistance. However, the epidemiology is less clearly understood in Jilin province and China.