A randomised survey of the quality of antibiotics and other essential medicines in Indonesia, with volume-adjusted estimates of the prevalence of substandard medicines.

The World Health Organization warns that substandard and falsified medicines threaten public health in low- and middle-income countries. However, medicine quality surveys are often small and unrepresentative of the market, and the true scale of the problem remains unknown. We conducted a large field survey of essential medicines in Indonesia, and investigated how weighting survey results by market volume altered estimates of medicine quality.

Availability, price and affordability of insulin, delivery devices and self-monitoring blood glucose devices in Indonesia.

Insulin is essential for the survival of people with type 1 diabetes and for better management of people with type 2 diabetes. People with diabetes using insulin also require self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) devices (e.g.

Value for money of medicine sampling and quality testing: evidence from Indonesia.

Background: Substandard and falsified medicines (SFMs) are a public health concern of global importance. Postmarket surveillance in the form of medicine sampling and quality testing can prevent and detect SFM, however, there is remarkably scarce evidence about the cost and value for money of these activities: how much do they cost and how effective are they in detecting SFM?

Methods: Between February and October 2022, Systematic Tracking of At Risk Medicines (STARmeds) collected and analysed for quality 1274 samples of 5 medicines from physical and online retail outlets in 7 Indonesian districts. We collated data on the resources consumed by STARmeds, related to all stages of medicines sampling and quality testing including design, fieldwork and laboratory analysis.

EQ-5D-5L in Schizophrenia: differences between patients and nurses' reports.

Purpose: To examine the differences between patient-reports and proxy-reports by nurses of EQ-5D-5L responses among patients with schizophrenia.

Methods: This study was conducted in June-September 2019 in Duren Sawit Regional Public Hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia. The self-report data were obtained by interviewing the patients and the proxy-report data were obtained from the psychiatric nurses.

Substandard and Falsified Medicines: Proposed Methods for Case Finding and Sentinel Surveillance.

The World Health Organization and others warn that substandard and falsified medicines harm health and waste money, especially in low- and middle-income countries. However, no country has measured the market-wide extent of the problem, and no standardized methods exist to estimate the prevalence of either substandard or falsified medicines. This is, in part, because the task seems overwhelming; medicine markets are huge and diverse, and testing medicines is expensive.

The Impact of Pharmaceutical Policies on Medicine Procurement Pricing in Indonesia Under the Implementation of Indonesia's Social Health Insurance System.

Background: Indonesia's social health insurance (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional, JKN) has been implemented since 2014. To support medicine provision, the government launched policies reform on medicine pricing, procurement and reimbursement; hence, the system might affect medicine prices in the country.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of the pharmaceutical policies reforms on medicine procurement prices.